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Shloka 1

Ruru–Ḍuṇḍubha Saṃvāda: Śāpa, Mokṣa, and Ahiṃsā-Upadeśa

Chapter 11

अपन बछ। ] अतिफऑशाए:< एकादशोब< ध्याय: डुण्डुभकी आत्मकथा तथा उसके द्वारा रुकुको अहिंसाका उपदेश डुण्ड्रुभ उवाच सखा बभूव मे पूर्व खगमो नाम वै द्विज: । भृशं संशितवाक्‌ तात तपोबलसमन्वित:,डुण्डुभने कहा--तात! पूर्वकालमें खगम नामसे प्रसिद्ध एक ब्राह्मण मेरा मित्र था। वह महान्‌ तपोबलसे सम्पन्न होकर भी बहुत कठोर वचन बोला करता था। एक दिन वह अन्निहोत्रमें लगा था। मैंने खिलवाड़में तिनकोंका एक सर्प बनाकर उसे डरा दिया। वह भयके मारे मूर्च्छित हो गया

Duṇḍrubha uvāca | sakhā babhūva me pūrvaṃ khagamo nāma vai dvijaḥ | bhṛśaṃ saṃśitavāk tāta tapobalasamanvitaḥ ||

డుణ్డ్రుభుడు అన్నాడు—తాతా! పూర్వకాలంలో ఖగమ అనే పేరుగల ఒక బ్రాహ్మణుడు నా మిత్రుడు. అతడు తపోబలంతో సమృద్ధుడైనా వాక్యంలో అత్యంత కఠినుడు.

डुण्डुभःDundubha (the speaker)
डुण्डुभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootडुण्डुभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
सखाa friend
सखा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसखि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बभूवwas/became
बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly/earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
खगमःKhagama (proper name)
खगमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखगम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामन्
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
द्विजःa brahmin (lit. twice-born)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भृशम्excessively/very
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृश
संशितवाक्one whose speech is sharp
संशितवाक्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशितवाच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one / father (voc.)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपोबलसमन्वितःendowed with the power of austerity
तपोबलसमन्वितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतपोबलसमन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

डुण्ड्रुभ उवाच

D
Duṇḍrubha
K
Khagama
D
dvija (brahmin)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up an ethical contrast: spiritual power gained through tapas does not automatically imply gentleness or right conduct. Harsh speech (saṃśitavāk) is presented as a moral flaw even in an ascetic, preparing the ground for a broader lesson on restraint and non-harm (ahiṃsā) in word and deed.

Duṇḍrubha begins an autobiographical account by introducing his former friend Khagama, a brahmin known for ascetic power but also for cutting speech. This introduction functions as the opening of the episode that will explain subsequent events and the ethical instruction that follows in the chapter.