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Shloka 24

Vānaprastha-Dharma: Forest Discipline, Vaikhānasa Austerities, and Śiva-Āśrama as the Liberative Refuge

नक्तं चान्न समश्नीयाद् दिवा चाहृत्य शक्तितः / चतुर्थकालिको वा स्यात् स्याद्वाप्यष्टमकालिकः

naktaṃ cānna samaśnīyād divā cāhṛtya śaktitaḥ / caturthakāliko vā syāt syādvāpyaṣṭamakālikaḥ

అతడు రాత్రి అన్నం భుజించకూడదు; పగలు తన శక్తి మేరకు ఆహారాన్ని సంపాదించి, దినంలోని చతుర్థ కాలంలో భుజించాలి, లేదా అష్టమ కాలంలో భుజించేవాడై ఉండవచ్చు।

नक्तम्at night
नक्तम्:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनक्तम् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/adverb of time)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय)
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
समश्नीयात्should eat
समश्नीयात्:
Vidhi-kriyā (विधेयक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + अश् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
दिवाby day
दिवा:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/adverb of time)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय)
आहृत्यhaving brought/collected
आहृत्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ + हृ (धातु) → आहृत्य (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव
शक्तितःaccording to ability
शक्तितः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb) = यथाशक्ति
चतुर्थ-कालिकःone who eats at the fourth time/interval
चतुर्थ-कालिकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + कालिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (चतुर्थे काले भुङ्क्ते इति)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (विकल्पार्थक)
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Vidhi-kriyā (विधेयक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Vidhi-kriyā (विधेयक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (विकल्पार्थक)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय/also)
अष्टम-कालिकःone who eats at the eighth time/interval
अष्टम-कालिकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टम (प्रातिपदिक) + कालिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (अष्टमे काले भुङ्क्ते इति)

Traditional attribution: a teaching voice within the Purāṇic dialogue (instructional discourse to the inquirer), aligned with Kurma Purana’s dharma-yoga injunctions

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

FAQs

Indirectly: by prescribing restraint over appetite and time, it supports inner mastery (indriya-nigraha), a prerequisite for steady contemplation in which the Self is realized beyond bodily cravings.

A practical niyama of āhāra-niyama (regulated diet and timing): do not eat at night; obtain food by day within one’s means; adopt measured meal-timing (caturtha-kālika or the more austere aṣṭama-kālika), strengthening tapas and meditation-readiness.

Not by naming them, but through shared sādhanā principles: the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis often expresses unity through common yogic disciplines—restraint, tapas, and dharma—accepted across both Śaiva (including Pāśupata) and Vaiṣṇava streams.