Shloka 21
Śrāddha-kalpa: Dāna-phala-nirdeśa
Gifts in Śrāddha and Their Fruits
Devanagari script
गावस्तमुपतिष्ठन्ति नरं पुष्टिस्तथैव च / दद्याद्यः शिशिरे चाग्निं बहुकाष्ठं प्रयत्नतः
Transliteration
gāvastamupatiṣṭhanti naraṃ puṣṭistathaiva ca / dadyādyaḥ śiśire cāgniṃ bahukāṣṭhaṃ prayatnataḥ
Translation
శిశిరకాలంలో యత్నపూర్వకంగా ఎక్కువ కట్టెలతో అగ్నిని దానం చేసే మనుష్యుని గోవులు సేవిస్తాయి; అతనికి పుష్టి కలుగుతుంది.
Word by Word
gāvaḥcows
gāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
upatiṣṭhantiattend/stand by
upatiṣṭhanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√sthā (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
naramman
naram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
puṣṭiḥnourishment/prosperity
puṣṭiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tathāthus/likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (अव्यय-क्रियाविशेषण)
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable particle of emphasis (निपात)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
dadyātshould give
dadyāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
FormOptative/benedictive sense (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
yaḥwho (he who)
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
śiśirein winter/cold season
śiśire:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśiśira (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
agnimfire
agnim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
bahu-kāṣṭhammuch wood (as fuel)
bahu-kāṣṭham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक) + kāṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying agnim (as fuel/wood)
prayatnataḥwith effort/diligently
prayatnataḥ:
Sambandha (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprayatna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative used adverbially (तसिल्-प्रत्यय/अव्ययीभावार्थ), ‘from effort’ → ‘with effort’