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Shloka 1

Yamarāja Instructs the Yamadūtas: Supreme Authority, Mahājanas, and the Glory of the Holy Name

श्रीराजोवाच निशम्य देव: स्वभटोपवर्णितं प्रत्याह किं तानपि धर्मराज: । एवं हताज्ञो विहतान्मुरारे- र्नैदेशिकैर्यस्य वशे जनोऽयम् ॥ १ ॥

śrī-rājovāca niśamya devaḥ sva-bhaṭopavarṇitaṁ pratyāha kiṁ tān api dharmarājaḥ evaṁ hatājño vihatān murārer naideśikair yasya vaśe jano ’yam

రాజా పరీక్షితుడు అన్నాడు: ప్రభూ, శుకదేవ గోస్వామీ! ధర్మాధర్మ కర్మల ప్రకారం సమస్త జీవులను నియంత్రించే యమరాజుని ఆజ్ఞ కూడా విఫలమైంది. విష్ణుదూతలు అజామిలుని పట్టుకోవడం ఆపి యమదూతలను ఓడించారు అని సేవకులు చెప్పినప్పుడు, ధర్మరాజుడు వారికి ఏమని ప్రత్యుత్తరం ఇచ్చాడు?

śrī-rājāthe glorious king
śrī-rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + rājā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; karmadhāraya: ‘the illustrious king’
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच्)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni + √śam (शम्)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय; ल्यप्) used as avyaya
devaḥthe lord (Yama)
devaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
sva-bhaṭa-upavarṇitam(the matter) described by his own attendants
sva-bhaṭa-upavarṇitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsva + bhaṭa + upavarṇita (प्रातिपदिक; upavarṇita = PPP from upa+√varṇ/वर्ण्)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; tatpuruṣa chain: ‘described by his own servants’; object of niśamya
pratyāhareplied
pratyāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati + √ah (अह्/ब्रू)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada
kimwhy/what
kim:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInterrogative particle (प्रश्नार्थक)
tānthem
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural (बहुवचन)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (अपि)
dharmarājaḥDharmarāja (Yama)
dharmarājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharmarāja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; tatpuruṣa: ‘king of dharma’ (Yama)
evamthus
evam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
hata-ājñaḥwhose order was thwarted
hata-ājñaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roothata + ājñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; tatpuruṣa: ‘whose command is thwarted’
vihatānthwarted/repelled
vihatān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvihata (कृदन्त; PPP from vi+√han/हन्)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural; qualifies implied ‘(you) attendants’
murāreḥof Murāri (Viṣṇu)
murāreḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootmurāri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
naideśikaiḥby the divine messengers/guides
naideśikaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootnaideśika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural; ‘those who give instruction/indication’ (here: Viṣṇu's messengers)
yasyawhose
yasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; relative pronoun
vaśeunder control
vaśe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular
janaḥpeople/person
janaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
ayamthis
ayam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; demonstrative pronoun

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura says that although the statements of the Yamadūtas were fully upheld by Vedic principles, the statements of the Viṣṇudūtas were triumphant. This was confirmed by Yamarāja himself.

Y
Yamarāja (Dharmarāja)
Y
Yamadūtas
V
Viṣṇudūtas
M
Murāri (Lord Viṣṇu)

FAQs

This verse implies that although Yamarāja governs beings under dharma and karma, his servants can be checked by the Viṣṇudūtas, showing the higher authority of Lord Viṣṇu and His devotees’ protection.

Because the Yamadūtas returned after being stopped by the Viṣṇudūtas in the Ajāmila incident, and Parīkṣit wanted to know how Dharmarāja explained this unprecedented reversal of their mission.

It encourages reliance on bhakti—especially remembrance and chanting of the Lord’s names—while living ethically, understanding that divine grace can override fear and karmic reactions when devotion is genuine.