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Shloka 29

Rāhu, Eclipses, Antarikṣa, and the Seven Subterranean Heavens

Bila-svarga

ततोऽधस्तान्महातले काद्रवेयाणां सर्पाणां नैकशिरसां क्रोधवशो नाम गण: कुहकतक्षककालियसुषेणादिप्रधाना महाभोगवन्त: पतत्‍त्रिराजाधिपते: पुरुषवाहादनवरतमुद्विजमाना: स्वकलत्रापत्यसुहृत्कुटुम्बसङ्गेन क्‍वचित्प्रमत्ता विहरन्ति ॥ २९ ॥

tato ’dhastān mahātale kādraveyāṇāṁ sarpāṇāṁ naika-śirasāṁ krodhavaśo nāma gaṇaḥ kuhaka-takṣaka-kāliya-suṣeṇādi-pradhānā mahā-bhogavantaḥ patattri-rājādhipateḥ puruṣa-vāhād anavaratam udvijamānāḥ sva-kalatrāpatya-suhṛt-kuṭumba-saṅgena kvacit pramattā viharanti.

తలాతల కింద మహాతల లోకము ఉంది. అక్కడ కద్రూ సంతానమైన అనేక శిరస్సుల సర్పులు నివసిస్తారు; వారు ఎల్లప్పుడూ కోపంతో మండుతుంటారు. వారిలో కుహక, తక్షక, కాలియ, సుషేణ ప్రధాన మహానాగులు. విష్ణువాహనుడైన గరుడుని భయంతో వారు నిరంతరం కలవరపడినా, కొన్నిసార్లు భార్యలు, పిల్లలు, మిత్రులు, బంధువులతో కలిసి మత్తుగా విహరిస్తారు।

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रमवाचक
adhastātbelow
adhastāt:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadhastāt (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, देशवाचक
mahātalein Mahātala
mahātale:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahātala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
kādraveyāṇāmof the Kādraveyas (serpents’ clan)
kādraveyāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootkādraveya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
sarpāṇāmof serpents
sarpāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootsarpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
naika-śirasāmof many-headed (ones)
naika-śirasām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootna-eka (अव्यय/निषेध + संख्या) + śiras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (collective), षष्ठी, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः—‘न एकं शिरः येषाम्’
krodhavaśaḥKrodhavaśa (name)
krodhavaśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkrodha (प्रातिपदिक) + vaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘krodhasya vaśaḥ’ (name of a group)
nāmanamed
nāma:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण-भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, नामनिर्देशार्थक
gaṇaḥgroup
gaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kuhaka-takṣaka-kāliya-suṣeṇa-ādi-pradhānāḥwhose chiefs are Kuhaka, Takṣaka, Kāliya, Suṣeṇa, etc.
kuhaka-takṣaka-kāliya-suṣeṇa-ādi-pradhānāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkuhaka (प्रातिपदिक) + takṣaka (प्रातिपदिक) + kāliya (प्रातिपदिक) + suṣeṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + pradhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘(ete) pradhānāḥ’ with list as qualifier; ādi = ‘etc.’
mahā-bhogavantaḥvery powerful/with great coils
mahā-bhogavantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhogavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः
patattri-rāja-adhipateḥof the king of birds (Garuḍa)
patattri-rāja-adhipateḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootpatattri (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘patattrīṇāṃ rājaḥ’ (Garuḍa) + ‘tasya adhipatiḥ’
puruṣa-vāhātfrom the carrier of the Supreme Person (Garuḍa as Viṣṇu’s mount)
puruṣa-vāhāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + vāha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘puruṣasya vāhaḥ’ (Viṣṇu as Garuḍa-rider)
anavaratamconstantly
anavaratam:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanavarata (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
udvijamānāḥbeing anxious/fearing
udvijamānāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootud+vij (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (Present participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
sva-kalatra-apatya-suhṛt-kuṭumba-saṅgenawith the company of their wives, children, friends, and family
sva-kalatra-apatya-suhṛt-kuṭumba-saṅgena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + kalatra (प्रातिपदिक) + apatya (प्रातिपदिक) + suhṛt (प्रातिपदिक) + kuṭumba (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (enumerative determinative)
kvacitsometimes
kvacit:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkvacit (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, देश/कालवाचक (sometimes)
pramattāḥcarefree/intoxicated
pramattāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpramatta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; प्र+मद्, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
viharantithey sport/roam
viharanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi+har (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

It is stated here that the snakes who live in the planetary system known as Mahātala are very powerful and have many hoods. They live with their wives and children and consider themselves very happy, although they are always full of anxiety because of Garuḍa, who comes there to destroy them. This is the way of material life. Even if one lives in the most abominable condition, he still thinks himself happy with his wife, children, friends and relatives.

K
Kadru
K
Kuhaka
T
Takṣaka
K
Kāliya
S
Suṣeṇa
G
Garuḍa

FAQs

They are a prominent group of many-hooded Nāgas in Mahātala, descendants of Kadru, led by names such as Kuhaka, Takṣaka, Kāliya, and Suṣeṇa.

Because Garuḍa is the mighty king of birds and the carrier of the Supreme Lord; his power makes the Nāgas perpetually anxious and disturbed.

The verse shows how even powerful beings can live under constant fear, yet become heedless through family-and-social absorption—suggesting that lasting fearlessness comes from higher spiritual shelter rather than worldly distraction.