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Shloka 3

Aditi’s Lament and Kaśyapa’s Instruction of the Payo-vrata (Milk Vow) to Please Keśava

स पत्नीं दीनवदनां कृतासनपरिग्रह: । सभाजितो यथान्यायमिदमाह कुरूद्वह ॥ ३ ॥

sa patnīṁ dīna-vadanāṁ kṛtāsana-parigrahaḥ sabhājito yathā-nyāyam idam āha kurūdvaha

ఓ కురువంశశ్రేష్ఠా, కశ్యప మునికి యథావిధిగా సత్కారం జరిగింది; ఆయన ఆసనం గ్రహించి, దుఃఖముఖినైన తన భార్య అదితితో ఈ విధంగా పలికాడు।

सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; 'he' (Kaśyapa)
पत्नीम्(his) wife
पत्नीम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; 'wife'
दीनवदनाम्with a sorrowful face
दीनवदनाम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन + वदना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—दीनं वदनं यस्याः = 'with a sorrowful face' (qualifies 'पत्नीम्')
कृतासनपरिग्रहःhaving taken a seat
कृतासनपरिग्रहः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत + आसन + परिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—कृतः आसनपरिग्रहः यस्य = 'one who had arranged/taken a seat' (i.e., having taken his seat)
सभाजितःhaving been duly honored
सभाजितः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + भाज् (धातु) → सभाजित (क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; 'having been honored/received'
यथाaccording to
यथा:
प्रकार (Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकार-वाचक अव्यय (manner): 'as, according to'
न्यायम्proper rule/propriety
न्यायम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial accusative)
TypeNoun
Rootन्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचन; 'rule, propriety' — used adverbially with 'यथा' = 'according to propriety'
इदम्this
इदम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; 'this' (object of 'आह')
आहsaid
आह:
क्रिया (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअह्/ब्रू (धातु; 'to say')
Formलिट् (Perfect/परोक्सभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; 'said'
कुरूद्वहO best of the Kurus
कुरूद्वह:
सम्बोधन (Address/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु + उद्वह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—कुरूणाम् उद्वहः = 'best of the Kurus' (address to Parīkṣit)
K
Kaśyapa
A
Aditi
P
Parīkṣit Mahārāja

FAQs

This verse highlights that Kaśyapa first arranged a seat and received Aditi properly “according to custom,” showing that dharmic etiquette and respectful reception come before speaking on serious matters.

Aditi was visibly distressed; Kaśyapa followed proper conduct—offering respect and comfort—then began the conversation that will lead to guidance about her vow and the Lord’s arrangement.

When someone is troubled, first offer respect, a safe space, and calm attention; then speak—good counsel is best received when delivered with dignity and care.