Sutra 42
Devanagari script
रक्ष्याः स्वेभ्यः परेभ्यश्च नित्यमात्मा विपश्चिता ॥ कZ_०९.३.४२च्द् ॥
Transliteration
rakṣyāḥ svebhyaḥ parebhyaś ca nityam ātmā vipaścitā.
Translation
The wise must constantly protect themselves from their own people as well as from outsiders.
Word by Word
रक्ष्याः(they) should be protected / must be guarded
रक्ष्याः:
TypeParticiple (Gerundive/Kṛtya)
Rootरक्ष्
Formकृत्य-प्रत्यय (यत्) ‘रक्ष्य’ ; प्रथमा बहुवचनम् (पुं/स्त्री) — ‘to be protected/should be guarded’ (predicate adjective)
स्वेभ्यःfrom one’s own (people)
स्वेभ्यः:
TypePronoun (reflexive/possessive base)
Rootस्व
Formसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक ‘स्व’ ; पञ्चमी बहुवचनम् — ‘from one’s own (people/side)’
परेभ्यःfrom others / from enemies
परेभ्यः:
TypeAdjective used substantively
Rootपर
Formप्रातिपदिक ‘पर’ ; पञ्चमी बहुवचनम् — ‘from others/enemies’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (coordinative)
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeAdverb (from adjective)
Rootनित्य
Formअव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग (क्रियाविशेषण) — ‘always/constantly’
आत्माoneself / the self
आत्मा:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formप्रातिपदिक ‘आत्मन्’ ; प्रथमा एकवचनम् (पुं) — subject
विपश्चिताby a wise/discerning (person)
विपश्चिता:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविपश्चित्
Formप्रातिपदिक ‘विपश्चित्’ ; तृतीया एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं) — करण/हेतु-भाव: ‘by/with the wise (person)’ i.e., ‘by a discerning one’
Entities Mentioned
T
the wise ruler/administratorI
insidersO
outsidersFAQs
It maps closely to the 'insider threat' doctrine: risk does not only come from external adversaries but also from trusted personnel and internal factions.