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Agni Purana — Dharma-shastra, Shloka 10

Chapter 171 — प्रायश्चित्तानि

Prāyaścittāni / Expiations

त्र्यहाभ्यस्तमथैकैकमतिशान्तपनं स्मृतं कृच्छ्रं पराकसञ्ज्ञं स्याद्द्वादशाहमभोजनं

tryahābhyastamathaikaikamatiśāntapanaṃ smṛtaṃ kṛcchraṃ parākasañjñaṃ syāddvādaśāhamabhojanaṃ

మూడు రోజుల నియమాన్ని పునఃపునః ఆచరించి, ఆపై క్రమంగా ఒక్కోసారి భోజనం చేయుటను అత్యంత కఠినమైన ‘శాంతపన’ కృచ్ఛ్రమని స్మృతులు చెబుతాయి. ‘పరాక’ అనే వ్రతం పన్నెండు రోజులు సంపూర్ణ నిరాహారం (అభోజనం).

त्र्यह-अभ्यस्तम्practised/observed for three days
त्र्यह-अभ्यस्तम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्र्यह (प्रातिपदिक) + अभ्यस्त (कृदन्त; √अभि+अस्/अभ्यस् धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कृदन्त-भूतकृदन्त (क्त), ‘त्र्यहं अभ्यस्तम्’ = three-day practiced/observed
अथthen
अथ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भसूचक (then/now)
एक-एकम्each (one by one)
एक-एकम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक) + एक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; पुनरुक्त-द्वन्द्व (each one, one by one)
अति-शान्तपनम्the very severe śāntapana (penance)
अति-शान्तपनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + शान्तपन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव-समास (excessive śāntapana-type penance)
स्मृतम्is declared/considered
स्मृतम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√स्मृ (धातु)
Formकृदन्त-भूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगार्थे ‘is said/considered’
कृच्छ्रम्a kṛcchra (austerity)
कृच्छ्रम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; तपोविधिवाचक
पराक-सञ्ज्ञम्having the name ‘Parāka’
पराक-सञ्ज्ञम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपराक (प्रातिपदिक) + सञ्ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पराकस्य सञ्ज्ञा यस्य) = named ‘Parāka’
स्यात्would be / is
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘would be/is to be’
द्वादश-अहम्for twelve days
द्वादश-अहम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अहन्/अह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (twelve-day)
अ-भोजनम्non-eating; fasting
अ-भोजनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; नञ्-समास/नकारार्थ (अभोजन = non-eating/fasting)

Lord Agni (teaching sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","secondary_vidya":"Vrata","practical_application":"Designing an expiatory regimen (kṛcchra) with specified meal/fasting phases for atonement and ritual purification.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Definition","entry_title":"Śāntapana-kṛcchra (atiśānta) and Parāka (12-day fast)","lookup_keywords":["śāntapana","kṛcchra","parāka","dvādaśāha","upavāsa"],"quick_summary":"Defines a very severe Śāntapana-type kṛcchra involving repeated three-day discipline followed by single-meal phases, and defines Parāka as twelve days of complete fasting."}

Concept: Prāyaścitta through regulated austerity (tapas) and controlled intake as a means of moral-ritual purification.

Application: Selecting an appropriate penance grade (severe vs. extreme) proportional to fault and capacity, under guidance, to restore dharmic standing.

Khanda Section: Dharma-shastra (Prāyaścitta / Tapas and Expiatory Observances)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"An ascetic householder performing a severe penance: repeated three-day discipline, then sparse single meals, culminating in a twelve-day total fast (Parāka), with a ritual calendar and water pot nearby.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala temple mural style, ochre-red background, a penitent in white cloth seated in tapas posture beside a palm-leaf calendar, minimal food bowl shown empty for Parāka, sacred lamp and water pot, stylized foliage, flat yet ornate detailing.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-leaf haloed penitent seated on a low wooden plank, symbolic twelve-day tally marks on a palm-leaf manuscript, ornate borders, rich reds and greens, small empty plate and kamandalu, devotional austerity mood.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting style, fine linework, instructional tableau showing phases: three-day discipline, single-meal portion, then complete fasting; labeled palm-leaf panels, soft pastel palette, delicate shading.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, courtly yet austere interior with a penitent and a scribe noting 'Śāntapana' and 'Parāka', precise textiles, subdued palette, small bowls indicating diminishing intake, detailed margins."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: त्र्यहाभ्यस्तम् = त्र्यह-अभ्यस्तम्; अथैकैकम् = अथ एक-एकम्; अतिशान्तपनं = अति-शान्तपनम्; पराकसञ्ज्ञं = पराक-सञ्ज्ञम्; स्याद्द्वादशाहमभोजनं = स्यात् द्वादश-अहम् अ-भोजनम्

Related Themes: Agni Purana 171 (Prāyaścitta-kṛcchra classifications)

A
Agni
K
Kṛcchra
Ś
Śāntapana
P
Parāka

FAQs

It defines two expiatory observances: a very severe Śāntapana-type kṛcchra involving a regulated pattern culminating in single meals, and the Parāka vow defined as twelve days of total abstention from food.

It exemplifies the text’s dharma-practical dimension by cataloging precise prāyaścitta protocols (named penances, durations, and dietary rules), alongside its many other domains such as ritual, polity, medicine, and arts.

These regulated fasts function as prāyaścitta—disciplines meant to purify wrongdoing’s karmic residue through austerity, restraint, and ritual order, thereby restoring religious eligibility and inner purity.