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Shloka 37

सामान्यतो नरकगतिवर्णनम्

General Description of the Course of Hell / Naraka-gati

महाज्वालेऽत्र नरके पापाः क्रन्दंति दुःखिताः । इतश्चेतश्च धावंति दह्यमानास्तदर्चिषा

mahājvāle'tra narake pāpāḥ krandaṃti duḥkhitāḥ | itaścetaśca dhāvaṃti dahyamānāstadarciṣā

இந்த மகாஜ்வால நரகத்தில் பாவிகள் துயரால் வாடி உரக்க அழுகின்றனர். அதே தீச்சுடரில் எரிந்தபடியே அச்சமும் வேதனையும் கொண்டு இங்கும் அங்கும் ஓடுகின்றனர்.

महाज्वालेin the great flame
महाज्वाले:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootमहाज्वाला (प्रातिपदिक) = महा + ज्वाला
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
अत्रhere
अत्र:
देशाधिकरण (Locative adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), देशवाचक अव्यय (locative adverb)
नरकेin hell
नरके:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
पापाःsinners
पापाः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
क्रन्दन्तिcry, wail
क्रन्दन्ति:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootक्रन्द् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
दुःखिताःafflicted, miserable
दुःखिताः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; दुःख + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (adjective) of पापाः
इतश्from here / this way
इतश्:
देशाधिकरण (Directional adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइतस् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, दिशावाचक (directional adverb)
and
:
समुच्चय (Coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
इतश्from there / that way
इतश्:
देशाधिकरण (Directional adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइतस् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, दिशावाचक (directional adverb)
and
:
समुच्चय (Coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
धावन्तिrun about
धावन्ति:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootधाव् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
दह्यमानाःbeing burned
दह्यमानाः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदह् (धातु) + यमान (कृदन्त; कर्मणि वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्मणि वर्तमानकृदन्त (present passive participle), विशेषण of पापाः
तत्of that
तत्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम, सम्बन्ध (possessive)
अर्चिषाby the flame
अर्चिषा:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्चिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Mahākāla

Jyotirlinga: Mahākāleśvara

Sthala Purana: Mahākāla as the Lord of Time who subdues death; the Purāṇic memory of Ujjayinī’s Mahākāla emphasizes Śiva’s sovereignty over kāla and karmaphala (here mirrored as the ‘great flame’ of retribution).

Significance: Darśana of Mahākāla is sought for fearlessness before death, relief from karmic burdens, and steadiness in dharma.

Cosmic Event: naraka-agni (karmic fire imagery)

FAQs

It emphasizes karmic causality: actions bound by pāśa (impurity and wrongdoing) mature into suffering, urging the seeker to turn toward Shiva-centered dharma, purification, and liberation.

By contrasting the torment of karmic bondage with the refuge of Shiva, it implicitly points to Saguna Shiva worship—especially Linga-upāsanā—as a purifying path that redirects the mind from sin toward grace, discipline, and eventual release.

Adopt daily Shiva-sādhanā—japa of the Pañcākṣarī ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya"), Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) with remembrance of purity, and repentance with vow-based restraint—to weaken pāśa and avoid harmful karma.