Shloka 71

Bhāratavarṣa–Navabheda-Vyavasthā

The Nine Divisions of Bhāratavarṣa and Its Sacred Geography

Devanagari script

उदयास्तमनेत्विंदोर्वर्द्धंत्यापो ह्रसन्ति च । अतो न्यूनातिरिक्ताश्च पक्षयोः शुक्लकृष्णयोः

Transliteration

udayāstamanetviṃdorvarddhaṃtyāpo hrasanti ca | ato nyūnātiriktāśca pakṣayoḥ śuklakṛṣṇayoḥ

Translation

சந்திரன் உதயம்-அஸ்தமனம் காரணமாக நீர் பெருகியும் குறையியும் செய்கிறது; ஆகவே சுக்ல, கிருஷ்ண பக்ஷங்கள் சிலவேளை குறைந்து சிலவேளை அதிகரிக்கின்றன.

Word by Word

• उदय-अस्तमने: at (the times of) rise and set
• उदय-अस्तमने: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदय (प्रातिपदिक) + अस्तमन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास (समाहार-द्वन्द्व) — 'in (the times of) rising and setting'

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात/particle (contrast/emphasis)

• इन्दोः: of the moon
• इन्दोः: सम्बन्ध (Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्दु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — Genitive

• वर्धन्ति: increase
• वर्धन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd/प्रथम), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• आपः: waters
• आपः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आप्/अप् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (आप्-शब्दः), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — Nominative plural

• ह्रसन्ति: decrease
• ह्रसन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ह्रस् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd/प्रथम), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• अतः: therefore
• अतः: सम्बन्ध (Logical connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; हेत्वर्थक/तस्मात्-अर्थे (therefore/from that)

• न्यून-अतिरिक्ताः: less and more (deficient and excessive)
• न्यून-अतिरिक्ताः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/Adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: न्यून (प्रातिपदिक) + अतिरिक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास — 'deficient and excessive' (as qualifiers)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• पक्षयोः: of the two fortnights
• पक्षयोः: सम्बन्ध (Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन — Genitive dual

• शुक्ल-कृष्णयोः: of the bright and dark (fortnights)
• शुक्ल-कृष्णयोः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/Adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुक्ल (प्रातिपदिक) + कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास — 'of the bright and dark (fortnights)'

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Cosmic Context

Cosmic Event: lunar influence on tides and paksha-length variability

Characters & Entities

• Moon (Candra)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It frames sacred time (tithi and pakṣa) as part of Shiva’s ordered cosmos, where natural rhythms—like the Moon’s influence—govern the conditions for dharma, vrata, and worship.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga worship is traditionally aligned with auspicious tithis and pakṣas; this verse explains why lunar halves may vary, underscoring careful observance of Shiva-puja timings within Saguna devotional practice.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Observe Shiva-vratas with attention to lunar timing (pakṣa/tithi) and support the practice with steady japa of the Pañcākṣarī mantra ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya"), especially on key nights like Mahāśivarātri.