Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 32

Devanagari script

ततःकोपपरीतात्मारावणोराक्षसेश्वरः ।निर्याणंसर्वसैन्यानांद्रुतमाज्ञापयत्तदा ।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ kopaparītātmā rāvaṇo rākṣaseśvaraḥ | niryāṇaṃ sarvasainyānāṃ drutam ājñāpayat tadā ||

Translation

அப்போது கோபத்தால் ஆட்கொள்ளப்பட்ட ராக்ஷசேஸ்வரன் ராவணன், எல்லாப் படைகளும் உடனே வெளியே புறப்படுமாறு ஆணையிட்டான்.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय; English: 'then/thereafter'

• kopa-parīta-ātmā: anger-overcome
• kopa-parīta-ātmā: Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kopa (प्रातिपदिक) + parīta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; English: 'one whose self is overcome by anger'

• rāvaṇaḥ: Ravana
• rāvaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; Proper noun

• rākṣasa-īśvaraḥ: lord of Rakshasas
• rākṣasa-īśvaraḥ: Karta-apposition (कर्ता-समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; English: 'lord of the Rakshasas'

• niryāṇam: departure
• niryāṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nir-yā (धातु) > niryāṇa (कृदन्त/भाव-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम; English: 'departure/marching out'

• sarva-sainyānām: of all (his) forces
• sarva-sainyānām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + sainya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; English: 'of all the armies/forces'

• drutam: quickly
• drutam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: druta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (accusative used adverbially); English: 'quickly'

• ājñāpayat: ordered
• ājñāpayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√jñā + ṇic (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; causative of √jñā; English: 'ordered/commanded'

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय; English: 'at that time'

Context

Thereafter Ravana, the Lord of Rakshasas overcome by fury ordered all his forces to advance.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rākṣasas
• Rākṣasa army

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A warning in kingship-dharma: decisions driven by krodha cloud judgment and lead toward adharma; rightful rule requires restraint and clarity.

What is the narrative situation?

Seeing the pressure of the siege, Rāvaṇa reacts in fury and commands an immediate deployment of his entire force.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the verse highlights the need for self-control; Rāvaṇa’s anger underscores its absence.