Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 30, Shloka 5

शार्दूलचरवृत्तान्तः

Saardula’s Spy-Report on Rama’s Camp and the Vanara Host

Devanagari script

नतेचारयितुंशक्याराजन्वानरपुङ्गवाः ।विक्रान्ताबलवन्तश्चराघवेणचरक्षिताः ।।6.30.5।।

Transliteration

na te cārayituṁ śakyā rājan vānarapuṅgavāḥ |

vikrāntā balavantaś ca rāghaveṇa ca rakṣitāḥ ||6.30.5||

Translation

அரசே! உமது ஒற்றர்கள் வானரத் தலைவர்களிடையே உலாவ இயலாது. அவர்கள் வீரமும் வலிமையும் உடையவர்கள்; ராகவனால் பாதுகாக்கப்படுகின்றனர்.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation)

• te: your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; genitive

• cārayitum: to spy on
• cārayitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √car चर् धातु (णिच् causative: cāray-)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), अव्यय; 'to spy/move about'

• śakyāḥ: possible (to be done)
• śakyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śakya (कृदन्त; √śak शक् धातु)
• Form: शक्य-प्रत्ययान्त (potential/gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; predicate with implied 'te (vānarapuṅgavāḥ)'

• rājan: O king
• rājan: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th), एकवचन; vocative

• vānara-puṅgavāḥ: leaders of monkeys
• vānara-puṅgavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक) + puṅgava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• vikrāntāḥ: valiant
• vikrāntāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vikrānta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; qualifies vānara-puṅgavāḥ

• balavantaḥ: strong
• balavantaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: balavant (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; qualifies vānara-puṅgavāḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• rāghaveṇa: by Raghava
• rāghaveṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; instrumental

• ca: also
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• rakṣitāḥ: protected
• rakṣitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rakṣita (कृदन्त; √rakṣ रक्ष् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; predicate of vānara-puṅgavāḥ

Context

"Here is righteous Lakshmana, who is like a bull (foremost) resembling a proud elephant. Even Indra will not be alive with in the range of his arrows when he strikes."

Characters & Entities

• Śārdūla
• Rāvaṇa
• Rāghava (Rāma)
• Vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya in counsel: a subordinate’s dharma is to report reality to the ruler, even when the truth is unfavorable—here, the impossibility of infiltrating Rama’s protected force.

What is the narrative situation?

Śārdūla explains to Ravana that reconnaissance against the vanara leaders is ineffective because they are formidable and under Rama’s protection.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s protective leadership (rakṣaṇa-dharma): his guardianship strengthens morale and security, making infiltration difficult.