Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 62, Shloka 10

अयोध्याकाण्डे द्विषष्टितमः सर्गः

Kausalyā consoles Daśaratha; grief, remorse, and nightfall

Devanagari script

तद्वाक्यं करुणं राज्ञः श्रुत्वा दीनस्य भाषितम्।कौसल्या व्यसृजद्बाष्पं प्रणालीव नवोदकम्।।।।

Transliteration

tad-vākyaṃ karuṇaṃ rājñaḥ śrutvā dīnasya bhāṣitam | kausalyā vyasṛjad bāṣpaṃ praṇālīva navodakam || 2.62.10 ||

Translation

துன்பத்தில் உரைத்த அரசனின் கருணைமிகு சொற்களை கேட்ட கௌசல்யா, புதுமழை நீரைப் பாய்ச்சும் நீர்வழி போலக் கண்ணீரைச் சிந்தினாள்.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; Demonstrative used adjectivally

• वाक्यम्: speech/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; Accusative singular neuter

• करुणम्: pitiable
• करुणम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: करुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; Accusative singular neuter

• राज्ञः: of the king
• राज्ञः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; Genitive singular masculine

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (gerund), अव्यय; Having heard

• दीनस्य: of the wretched
• दीनस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; Genitive singular masculine

• भाषितम्: what was spoken
• भाषितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP used substantively), द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; Accusative singular neuter (the uttered speech)

• कौसल्या: Kausalya
• कौसल्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; Nominative singular feminine

• व्यसृजत्: shed/let out
• व्यसृजत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + सृज् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; Imperfect 3rd sg

• बाष्पम्: tears
• बाष्पम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाष्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; Accusative singular masculine

• प्रणाली: a spout/channel
• प्रणाली: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रणाली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; Nominative singular feminine (in simile)

• इव: like
• इव: Upama (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• नवोदकम्: fresh water
• नवोदकम्: Upameya (उपमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नव + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (नवम् उदकम्), द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; Accusative singular neuter

Context

Kausalya heard the pitiable words uttered by the king who was in a wretched condition. She shed tears like a water channel discharging fresh rainwater.

Characters & Entities

• Dasharatha
• Kausalya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in relationships includes compassion: when anger meets genuine suffering, the heart turns toward empathy and softens.

What is the narrative situation?

Dasharatha speaks in misery; Kausalya, moved by his condition, begins to weep.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kausalya’s compassion (dayā) and emotional honesty are emphasized.