Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 14

Jyotiṣa-śāstra Saṅgraha: Threefold Division, Gaṇita Methods, Muhūrta, and Planetary Reckoning

Devanagari script

अत्यं मध्यं परार्द्धं च संज्ञा दशगुणोत्तराः । क्रमादुत्क्रमतो वापि योगः कार्योत्तरं तथा ॥ १४ ॥

Transliteration

atyaṃ madhyaṃ parārddhaṃ ca saṃjñā daśaguṇottarāḥ | kramādutkramato vāpi yogaḥ kāryottaraṃ tathā || 14 ||

Translation

‘அத்ய’, ‘மத்ய’, ‘பரார்த்த’ எனும் பெயர்கள் பத்துமடங்கு உயர்கின்றன. அவற்றின் கூட்டை வரிசையாகவோ எதிர்வரிசையாகவோ செய்ய வேண்டும்; மேலும் ஒவ்வொரு படியிலும் அடுத்த பலனைத் தொடர்ச்சியாகப் பெற வேண்டும்.

Word by Word

• अत्यम्: the ‘atya’ (a named large number)
• अत्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; accusative singular neuter

• मध्यम्: the ‘madhya’ (a named large number)
• मध्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; accusative singular neuter

• परार्द्धम्: the ‘parārdha’ (a named large number)
• परार्द्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परार्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; accusative singular neuter

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय; conjunction

• संज्ञाः: (these are) names/terms
• संज्ञाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; nominative plural feminine

• दशगुणोत्तराः: increasing tenfold (each step)
• दशगुणोत्तराः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दश-गुण-उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘tenfold-increasing’; agrees with संज्ञाः

• क्रमात्: in sequence
• क्रमात्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभावार्थे; adverbial ablative ‘in order/stepwise’

• उत्क्रमतः: in reverse sequence
• उत्क्रमतः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत्क्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभावार्थे; adverbial ablative ‘in reverse order’

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पबोधक-अव्यय; disjunctive particle

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय; particle ‘also/even’

• योगः: the procedure/operation (combination)
• योगः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine

• कार्यः: should be done
• कार्यः: Vidhyartha (विधेय/आज्ञार्थ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + य (कृत्) → कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (यत्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; gerundive ‘to be done’; agrees with योगः

• उत्तरम्: thereafter
• उत्तरम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावार्थे द्वितीया-एकवचनरूपम्; adverb ‘afterwards/further’

• तथा: thus
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय; adverb ‘thus/in that manner’

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in the Moksha Dharma section with technical enumeration)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames precise knowledge (saṃjñā and yoga—technical naming and computation) as part of Dharma that supports higher inquiry: disciplined understanding of measure and order steadies the mind for Moksha-oriented study.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: Bhakti traditions in the Purana value orderly practice and clarity; the verse models how disciplined, stepwise method (kramāt/utkramataḥ) undergirds correct observance and focused contemplation.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vedāṅga-style technical computation—especially relevant to Jyotiṣa (astronomical/astrological calculation) and formal enumeration—using tenfold progressions and defined large-number terms like parārdha.