Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 51

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

तद्धिताश्चाप्यपत्यार्थे पांडवाः श्रैधरस्तथा । गार्ग्यो नाडायनात्रेयौ गांगेयः पैतृष्वस्रीयः ॥ ५१ ॥

Transliteration

taddhitāścāpyapatyārthe pāṃḍavāḥ śraidharastathā | gārgyo nāḍāyanātreyau gāṃgeyaḥ paitṛṣvasrīyaḥ || 51 ||

Translation

குலம்/சந்ததி பொருளை உணர்த்த தத்திதப் प्रत्यயங்களும் பயன்படுகின்றன; அதனால் ‘பாண்டவ’ ‘ஸ்ரைதர’ போன்ற வடிவங்கள் உண்டாகின்றன. அதுபோல ‘கார்க்ய’, ‘நாடாயன’, ‘ஆத்ரேய’, ‘காங்கேய’, ‘பைத்ருஷ்வஸ்ரீய’ போன்ற வடிவங்களும் தோன்றுகின்றன.

Word by Word

• taddhitāḥ: taddhita derivatives
• taddhitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taddhita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; तद्धित-प्रत्ययान्त शब्दाः (derivatives with taddhita affixes)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (and)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (also)

• apatya-arthe: in the sense of ‘offspring/descendant’
• apatya-arthe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apatya (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘अपत्यस्य अर्थः’ (in the sense of offspring)

• pāṇḍavāḥ: the Pāṇḍavas; descendants of Pāṇḍu
• pāṇḍavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāṇḍava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• śraidharaḥ: Śraidhara (a patronymic)
• śraidharaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śraidhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; गोत्र/अपत्य-तद्धितान्त नाम

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (likewise)

• gārgyaḥ: Gārgya (descendant of Garga)
• gārgyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gārgya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; गोत्र/अपत्य-तद्धितान्त

• nāḍāyana-ātreyau: Nāḍāyana and Ātreya
• nāḍāyana-ātreyau: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāḍāyana (प्रातिपदिक) + ātreya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व

• gāṃgeyaḥ: Gāṅgeya (descendant of Gaṅgā)
• gāṃgeyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gāṃgeya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; अपत्य-तद्धितान्त (from Gaṅgā)

• paitṛṣvasrīyaḥ: paternal-aunt’s descendant/relative
• paitṛṣvasrīyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paitṛṣvasrīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तद्धितान्त (denoting relation: paternal aunt’s son/kin)

Speaker

Narada (teaching in a technical/vedanga context, addressed within the Sanatkumara dialogue frame)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Pandava
• Garga
• Atri
• Ganga

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It highlights Vedāṅga Vyākaraṇa as a support-discipline for Dharma and Mokṣa: correct derivation and usage of lineage/kinship terms preserves the integrity of tradition, recitation, and teaching.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: Bhakti practices rely on faithful transmission of names, lineages, and teachings; grammar (Vyākaraṇa) safeguards the meaning of sacred words that devotees recite and hear.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (grammar), specifically taddhita-pratyayas used in apatyārtha—forming patronymics and kinship-based words such as Gārgya, Ātreya, and Gāṅgeya.