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Shloka 30

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

निमन्त्रयेत पूर्वेद्युः पूर्वोक्तान् द्विजसत्तमान् ।

दैवे नियोगे पितृ्ये च तांस्तथैवोपकल्पयेत् ॥

Transliteration

nimantrayeta pūrvedyuḥ pūrvoktān dvijasattamān | daive niyoge pitrye ca tāṃstathaivopakalpayet ||

Translation

முந்தைய நாளில் முன்பு கூறப்பட்ட சிறந்த பிராமணர்களை அழைக்க வேண்டும்; மேலும் தேவார்ப்பணமும் பித்ரு ஸ்ராத்தமும்—இரண்டிற்கும் அவர்களுக்காக விதிப்படி உரிய ஏற்பாடுகளைச் செய்ய வேண்டும்।

Word by Word
निमन्त्रयेत्should invite
निमन्त्रयेत्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√मन्त्र् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — Optative 3rd sg; ‘should invite’
पूर्वे-द्युःon the previous day
पूर्वे-द्युः:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + द्युः (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावसमास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः — Indeclinable adverb ‘on the previous day’
पूर्व-उक्तान्previously mentioned
पूर्व-उक्तान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + उक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √वच् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; कृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त — Masculine, Accusative plural; ‘previously mentioned’
द्विज-सत्तमान्the best Brahmins
द्विज-सत्तमान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + सत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन — Masculine, Accusative plural; ‘the best of the twice-born’
दैवेin the divine rite
दैवे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootदैव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन — Neuter, Locative singular; ‘in the rite for the gods’
नियोगेin the prescribed arrangement
नियोगे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootनियोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन — Masculine, Locative singular; ‘in the appointment/engagement (procedure)’
पितृ्येin the ancestral rite
पितृ्ये:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन — Neuter, Locative singular; ‘in the ancestral rite’
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक — conjunction ‘and’
तान्them
तान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन — Masculine, Accusative plural; pronoun ‘them’
तथाlikewise
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक — ‘thus/likewise’
एवindeed/just
एव:
सम्बन्ध (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक — particle ‘indeed/just’
उपकल्पयेत्should arrange (them)
उपकल्पयेत्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√कॢप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — Optative 3rd sg; ‘should prepare/arrange’
Speakers
Didactic narrator within the Purāṇic discourse (Śrāddha injunctions; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaPitṛ PūjāŚrāddha procedureRitual planning

FAQs

Ritual is not improvisation: forethought and respectful invitation are themselves expressions of reverence toward devas, pitṛs, and learned guests.

Ācāra/dharma guidance, auxiliary to the Purāṇa’s core five marks.

Inviting ‘the day before’ signals intentionality: the rite begins in the mind through saṅkalpa and orderly preparation, not only at the moment of offering.

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