Shloka 14

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

अपसव्यञ्च तत्रापि भोजयेदयुजो द्विजान् ।

विशेषस्तत्र चान्योऽस्ति प्रतिमासं क्रियाधिकः ॥

Transliteration

apasavyañ ca tatrāpi bhojayed ayujo dvijān |

viśeṣas tatra cānyo 'sti pratimāsaṃ kriyādhikaḥ ||

Translation

அங்கே அபசவ்ய முறையில் (பித்ருகாரியத்திற்கு இடப்புறமாக) ஒற்றை எண்ணிக்கையிலான த்விஜர்களை (பிராமணர்களை) உணவளிக்க வேண்டும். மேலும் ஒரு சிறப்பு கூறப்படுகிறது—ஒவ்வொரு மாதமும் கூடுதல் நியமக் கடைப்பிடிப்புடன் இந்தச் செயலை நடத்த வேண்டும்.

Word by Word

• apasavyam: in the apasavya manner
• apasavyam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: apasavya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative used as avyaya (उपपद-नपुंसक एकवचन/क्रियाविशेषण): ‘in the apasavya manner’ (right-to-left/contrary to savya)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• tatra: there/in that (context)
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• bhojayet: should feed
• bhojayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhuj (धातु)
• Form: Causative (णिच्) of √bhuj; Optative/vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• ayujaḥ: unpaired/single (not in pairs)
• ayujaḥ: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ayuj (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying dvijān

• dvijān: Brahmins (twice-born)
• dvijān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• viśeṣaḥ: a special feature/distinction
• viśeṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• tatra: there/in that
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• anyaḥ: another
• anyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate adjective to viśeṣaḥ

• asti: is/exists
• asti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: Present indicative (लट्), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada

• prati-māsam: every month
• prati-māsam: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prati (अव्यय) + māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva: ‘per month’; functions adverbially

• kriyā-adhikaḥ: having greater ritual action (more elaborate)
• kriyā-adhikaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kriyā (प्रातिपदिक) + adhika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: kriyāyāḥ adhikaḥ = superior in ritual action; agrees with viśeṣaḥ

Speakers

• Didactic ritual instruction (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitri Puja
• Śrāddha-vidhi
• Hospitality to brāhmaṇas

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ancestral obligation is framed as disciplined hospitality and regular remembrance; the monthly cadence turns grief into sustained dharmic care rather than a single event.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra material; not directly one of the pañcalakṣaṇa narrative-axes.

What is the esoteric significance?

Apasavya orientation and odd counts encode ‘pitṛ-directionality’—a ritual grammar marking the rite as belonging to lineage and the subtle realm of ancestors rather than to deva-yajña.