Shloka 17

Adhyaya 13Raivata and Chakshusha

तस्माद्दैवे च पित्र्ये च नित्यमेवोद्यताोऽभवम् ।

सोऽहं कथमिमं प्राप्तो नरङ्कं भृशदारुणम् ॥

tasmād daive ca pitrye ca nityamevodyato 'bhavam / so 'haṃ kathamimaṃ prāpto naraṅka bhṛśadāruṇam

ஆகையால் நான் தெய்வக் கிரியைகளிலும் பித்ருக் கிரியைகளிலும் எப்போதும் முயற்சியுடன் இருந்தேன்; அப்படியிருக்க, இத்தனை கொடிய நரகத்தில் நான் எவ்வாறு விழுந்தேன்?

tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतस्मात् (ablative adverbial) = therefore/from that
daivein/with regard to divine (rites/merit)
daive:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location-Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootdaiva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
pitryein/with regard to ancestral (rites/offerings)
pitrye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpitrya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
nityamalways
nityam:
Avyaya-bhāva (अव्ययभाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययप्राय (adverbial accusative) = always
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चय/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)
udyataḥengaged/striving
udyataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootudyata (कृदन्त, √yam with ud-)
Formभूतकृदन्त/कृतप्रत्यय (past/passive participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन
abhavamI was/became
abhavam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन
saḥthat (I)/he
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
kathamhow
katham:
Avyaya-bhāva (अव्ययभाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
imamthis
imam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
prāptaḥ(have) reached/come to
prāptaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootprāpta (कृदन्त, √āp with pra-)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle) पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन; finite sense with ‘aham’ = ‘have come/attained’
naraṅkamhell (naraṅka)
naraṅkam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
bhṛśa-dāruṇamexceedingly dreadful
bhṛśa-dāruṇam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhṛśa (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + dāruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: कर्मधारय (intensifying) ‘भृशं दारुणम्’; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन agreeing with naraṅkam
A tormented soul/participant in the Pitā–Putra dialogue questioning the cause of Naraka

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaRitual duty vs. moral lapseSelf-inquiryNaraka causality

FAQs

External diligence in ritual (daiva/pitṛ-kārya) does not guarantee protection if one commits a specific adharma that carries severe consequence. The text sets up the next chapter’s causal disclosure: a ‘small’ but pointed transgression can outweigh routine piety.

Ethical inquiry embedded in narrative; not a sarga/manvantara/genealogy segment.

The question dramatizes the gap between ritual identity and inner alignment with dharma; it points to karma as precision-based—certain acts strike at foundational order and thus bypass ordinary ‘merit shields’.