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Shloka 51

अम्बा–राम–भीष्म संवादः

Amba–Rama–Bhishma Dialogue on Vow and Refuge

उद्यतेषुमथो दृष्ट्वा ब्राह्म॒णं क्षत्रबन्धुवत्‌ । यो हन्यात्‌ समरे क्रुद्धं युध्यन्तमपलायिनम्‌

udyateṣu matho dṛṣṭvā brāhmaṇaṁ kṣatrabandhuvat | yo hanyāt samare kruddhaṁ yudhyantam apalāyinam ||

ஒரு பிராமணனே க்ஷத்திரியனைப் போல ஆயுதம் எடுத்துக் கொண்டு—போரில் கோபத்துடன் நேருக்கு நேர் சண்டையிட்டு, முதுகு காட்டி ஓடாமல் இருந்தால்—அந்த நிலையில் அவனைப் போரில் கொன்ற வீரனுக்கு பிரம்மஹத்தி பாவம் ஏற்படாது. இது தர்மசாஸ்திரங்களின் உறுதியான தீர்ப்பு. ஓ தவத்தால் செல்வமுடையவரே! நான் க்ஷத்திரியன்; க்ஷத்திரிய தர்மத்திலேயே நிலைத்துள்ளேன்.

उद्यतेषुwhen (weapons) are raised / in the raised (weapons)
उद्यतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्रबन्धुa kshatriya-kin (a mere/so-called kshatriya)
क्षत्रबन्धु:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रबन्धु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वत्like/as
वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवत्
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्यात्should kill / might kill
हन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Optative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रुद्धम्angry/enraged
क्रुद्धम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
युध्यन्तम्fighting
युध्यन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
अपलायिनम्not fleeing / not running away
अपलायिनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअपलायिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

राम उवाच

R
Rama
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
W
weapons (bow and arrows implied)
D
dharmaśāstra

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical-legal principle: if a brāhmaṇa abandons the protected noncombatant role and fights as an armed combatant without retreat, then killing him in fair battle is treated as a wartime act under kṣatriya-dharma, not as brahmahatyā. It emphasizes role-based dharma and contextual judgment in warfare.

Rāma is justifying a kṣatriya’s conduct in battle by citing dharmaśāstra: when a brāhmaṇa takes up arms and fights like a warrior, he is to be regarded as a combatant; therefore a warrior who kills him in that state is not blamed with the gravest sin. Rāma then asserts his own identity and obligation as a kṣatriya.