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Shloka 14

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

न हि कामात्मना राज्ञा सततं कामबुद्धिना । नृशंसेनातिलुब्धेन शक्‍्यं पालयितुं प्रजा:,जो राजा कामासक्त हो सदा कामका ही चिन्तन करनेवाला, क्रूर और अत्यन्त लोभी होता है, वह प्रजाका पालन नहीं कर सकता

na hi kāmātmanā rājñā satataṃ kāmabuddhinā | nṛśaṃsenātilubdhena śakyaṃ pālayituṃ prajāḥ ||

ஆசையால் ஆட்கொள்ளப்பட்டு, எப்போதும் தனிப்பட்ட இன்பமே எண்ணி, கொடூரமும் பேராசையும் கொண்ட அரசனால் குடிகளை உண்மையாகப் பேணிக் காக்க முடியாது.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कामात्मनाby one whose nature is desire; by a lustful-minded (person)
कामात्मना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकामात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
कामबुद्धिनाwith desire-driven understanding; with lustful intent
कामबुद्धिना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकामबुद्धि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नृशंसेनby a cruel/merciless (one)
नृशंसेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अतिलुब्धेनby an exceedingly greedy (one)
अतिलुब्धेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिलुब्ध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शक्यम्possible
शक्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पालयितुम्to protect/govern
पालयितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
P
prajāḥ (subjects)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must master desire and greed; otherwise he becomes cruel and self-serving, and such inner vices make just protection of the people impossible. Effective kingship depends on self-restraint and dharmic intention, not on constant pursuit of pleasure.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises the king on the qualities required for righteous rule. Here he warns that a desire-driven, cruel, and overly greedy king cannot properly maintain and protect his subjects.