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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 180: Jīva, Śarīra, and the Fire Analogy (भृगु–भरद्वाज संवादः)

अरक्रा - एक गृहस्थके घरपर कुछ अतिथि आ गये। घरके सब लोग कहीं बाहर चले गये थे। भीतर केवल एक कुमारी कन्या थी

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kena vṛttena vṛttajña vītaśokaś care(n) mahīm? kiñ ca kurvann naro loke prāpnoti gatim uttamām?

யுதிஷ்டிரன் கூறினான்—ஒழுக்கத்தை அறிந்தவரே! எந்த வாழ்வுமுறையைப் பின்பற்றினால் மனிதன் துயரமின்றி இப்பூமியில் உலாவ முடியும்? மேலும் இவ்வுலகில் எந்தச் செயலைச் செய்து அவன் பரமகதியை அடைவான்?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
केनby what (means/way)
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तेनby conduct/way of life
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तज्ञO knower of conduct
वृत्तज्ञ:
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्तज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वीतशोकःfree from sorrow
वीतशोकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवीतशोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चरेत्may roam/live
चरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
महीम्the earth
महीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमही
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वन्doing
कुर्वन्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राप्नोतिattains
प्राप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गतिम्state/goal
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमाम्highest
उत्तमाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
पितामह/भीष्म (Pitāmaha/Bhīṣma) (implied addressee)
मही (the Earth/world)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the central ethical inquiry of the chapter: which disciplined way of life (vṛtta) leads to freedom from grief and what kind of action or practice leads to the highest human end (uttamā gati). It sets up a dharma-oriented discussion on inner freedom and ultimate attainment.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, King Yudhiṣṭhira addresses the revered elder (Bhīṣma, ‘Pitāmaha’) and asks for guidance: how one should live in the world without being overcome by sorrow, and what one should do to reach the supreme goal.