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Shloka 29

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

ततो हतं परैस्तत्र मद्रराजबलं तदा । दुर्योधनबलं दृष्टवा पुनरासीत्‌ पराड्मुखम्‌,थोड़ी ही देरमें शत्रुओंने वहाँ मद्रराजकी सेनाका संहार कर डाला। यह देख दुर्योधनकी सेना पुनः पीठ दिखाकर भागने लगी

tato hataṃ parais tatra madrarājabalaṃ tadā | duryodhanabalaṃ dṛṣṭvā punar āsīt parāṅmukham ||

சிறிது நேரத்திலேயே பகைவர் அங்கே மத்ர அரசனின் படையை அழித்தனர். அதை கண்டதும் துரியோதனனின் படை மீண்டும் முதுகு காட்டி ஓடத் தொடங்கியது.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
हतम्slain, destroyed
हतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
परैःby the enemies/others
परैः:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
मद्रराजबलम्the army of the king of Madra
मद्रराजबलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराजबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तदाat that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
दुर्योधनबलम्Duryodhana's army
दुर्योधनबलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधनबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formktvā (absolutive/gerund)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
आसीत्was, became
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पराङ्मुखम्turned away; facing away (fleeing)
पराङ्मुखम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
M
Madrarāja (king of Madra, i.e., Śalya)
M
Mādra army
E
enemy forces (Pāṇḍava side implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring ethical and strategic lesson of war: when allied support collapses, even a large force can lose courage and abandon its duty. It implicitly contrasts steadfast kṣatriya resolve with the shame of turning one’s back (parāṅmukha) under pressure.

Sañjaya reports that the enemy quickly annihilates the Madra king’s contingent; witnessing this, Duryodhana’s troops lose heart and again flee from the battlefield.