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Shloka 20

भीष्मस्य शरवर्षः — Bhīṣma’s Arrow-Storm and Kṛṣṇa’s Impulse to Intervene

वयं प्रतिनदन्तस्तानगच्छाम त्वरान्विता: । सहसैवाभिसंक्रुद्धास्तदा55सीत्‌ तुमुलं महत्‌

sañjaya uvāca | vayaṃ pratinadantas tān agacchāma tvarānvitāḥ | sahasaivābhisaṃkruddhās tadā āsīt tumulaṃ mahat ||

சஞ்சயன் கூறினான்—அவர்களின் கர்ஜனைக்கு எதிர்க்கர்ஜனை எழுப்பி, நாம் மிகுந்த அவசரத்துடன் அவர்களை நோக்கி பாய்ந்தோம். கணநேரத்தில் கோபம் கொந்தளித்து, இரு தரப்பிலும் பேரொலி நிறைந்த துமுலப் போர் எழுந்தது.

वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Plural
प्रतिनदन्तःroaring back, responding with a roar
प्रतिनदन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिनद् (धातु: नद्) / प्रतिनदन्त्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अगच्छामwe went / we advanced
अगच्छाम:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Plural
त्वरान्विताःendowed with haste, in great hurry
त्वरान्विताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरा + अन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अभिसंक्रुद्धाःhighly enraged
अभिसंक्रुद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि + सम् + क्रुध् / अभिसंक्रुद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आसीत्there was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
तुमुलम्tumultuous, dreadful
तुमुलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kaurava army (implied by 'we')
O
Opposing army (Pandava side implied by 'them')
B
Battlefield clash (tumultuous battle)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how quickly conflict intensifies when anger and pride answer provocation with provocation; ethical restraint is difficult in war, and reciprocal aggression turns tension into a ‘tumultuous’ catastrophe.

Sañjaya reports that their side, shouting back in response to the enemy’s cries, hurried forward and attacked; the encounter immediately becomes a great, chaotic battle between the two armies.