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Shloka 3

गोप्रदान-भूमिदान-विधि

Gopradāna–Bhūmidāna Guidelines and Recipient Eligibility

पानीयं परम॑ दान दानानां मनुरबत्रवीत्‌ । तस्मात्‌ कूपांश्न॒ वापीक्ष तडागानि च खानयेत्‌,मनुजीने कहा है कि 'जलका दान सब दानोंसे बढ़कर है।” इसलिये कुएँ, बावड़ी और पोखरे खोदवाने चाहिये

pānīyaṃ paramaṃ dānaṃ dānānāṃ manur abravīt | tasmāt kūpāṃś ca vāpīś ca taḍāgāni ca khānayet ||

பீஷ்மர் கூறினார்—மனு கூறினார்: தானங்களில் நீர்தானமே உத்தமம். ஆகையால் கிணறுகள், படிக்கிணறுகள் (வாபி), குளங்கள் ஆகியவற்றைத் தோண்டச் செய்ய வேண்டும்.

पानीयम्water (as drink/for drinking)
पानीयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपानीय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme, highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानम्gift, charity
दानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानानाम्of (all) gifts
दानानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मनुःManu
मनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
कूपान्wells
कूपान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकूप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वापीःstepwells, reservoirs
वापीः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवापी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
तडागानिponds, tanks
तडागानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतडाग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
खानयेत्should cause to be dug / should have dug
खानयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootखन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Manu
W
water (pānīya)
W
wells (kūpa)
S
stepwells/reservoirs (vāpī)
P
ponds/tanks (taḍāga)

Educational Q&A

Water-giving is praised as the सर्वोच्च दान because it directly sustains life and benefits all without distinction; creating water-sources (wells, stepwells, ponds) is an enduring form of charity.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on dharma and gifts, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira by citing Manu’s authority and recommending public works—digging and maintaining water-reservoirs—as a model of righteous giving.