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Shloka 45

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

सर्प! तेरे मतके अनुसार यदि दुष्टतापूर्ण कार्य करके भी कर्ता उस दोषसे लिप्त नहीं होता है

sarpa uvāca | kāryābhāve kriyā na syāt saty asaty api kāraṇe | tasmāt same 'smin hetau me vācyo hetur viśeṣataḥ ||

பாம்பு கூறியது—“பலன் இல்லாமல் செயல் நிகழ்ந்ததாகச் சொல்ல முடியாது; காரணம் இருந்தாலும். ஆகவே இவ்விஷயத்தில் நானும் (பாம்பும்) மரணமும் காரணங்களாகத் தோன்றினாலும், குற்றம் குறிப்பாகச் செயலைத் தூண்டி நடத்துகிறவனுக்கே உரியது. இந்தக் குழந்தையின் மரணத்திற்கான உண்மைக் காரணம் நானே என்று நீ நினைத்தால் அது உன் தவறு; சிந்தித்தால் தூண்டுபவன்—மரணமே—உயிரின அழிவில் குற்றவாளி, ஏனெனில் அழிவை இயக்குவது அவனே.”

सर्पO serpent
सर्प:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कार्यin (the presence of) an effect / result
कार्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अभावेin the absence
अभावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रियाaction
क्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्would be / could occur
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सत्यwhen (a cause is) existent/real
सत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
असत्यwhen (a cause is) non-existent/unreal
असत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअसत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कारणेin the cause
कारणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
समेin an equal (state)
समे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हेतौin the cause / as a cause
हेतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वाच्यःto be stated / to be spoken of
वाच्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हेतुःcause
हेतुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशेषतःespecially / particularly
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

सर्प उवाच

सर्प (Sarpa, the serpent)
व्याध (Vyādha, the hunter)
मृत्यु (Mṛtyu, Death)
बालक (a child, implied in the prose context)

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes mere instrumental involvement from true moral responsibility: when multiple factors seem causal, blame should be assigned especially to the decisive instigator (the one who impels the act), not automatically to the nearest instrument.

In a debate about culpability for a child’s death, the serpent argues that although he appears to be a cause, the deeper and more decisive cause is Death, portrayed as the impelling force behind the destruction of beings; thus the serpent contests being treated as the primary offender.