Shloka 120

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

अन्वष्टकासु यच्छ्राद्ध यच्छ्राद्धं वृद्धिहेतुकम् / पितुः पृथक् प्रदाव्यं स्त्रियाः पिण्डं सपिण्डने

Transliteration

anvaṣṭakāsu yacchrāddha yacchrāddhaṃ vṛddhihetukam / pituḥ pṛthak pradāvyaṃ striyāḥ piṇḍaṃ sapiṇḍane

Translation

அன்வஷ்டகா நாட்களில் செய்யப்படும் ஸ்ராத்தமும், வளர்ச்சி-செழிப்பு हेतु செய்யப்படும் ஸ்ராத்தமும்—சபிண்டீகரணத்தின் போது பெண்ணின் பிண்டம் தந்தையின் பிண்டத்திலிருந்து தனியாகவே அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட வேண்டும்।

Word by Word

• अन्वष्टकासु: on the anvaṣṭakā days
• अन्वष्टकासु: अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्वष्टका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक (relative)

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha
• श्राद्धम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha
• श्राद्धम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वृद्धिहेतुकम्: causing increase/prosperity
• वृद्धिहेतुकम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृद्धि-हेतुक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (वृद्धेः हेतुः)

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (Possessor/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• प्रदाव्यम्: should be given
• प्रदाव्यम्: विधेय (Obligation predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-दा (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/obligative), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘प्रदातव्यम्’

• स्त्रियाः: of the woman
• स्त्रियाः: सम्बन्ध (Possessor/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• पिण्डम्: rice-ball offering (piṇḍa)
• पिण्डम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• सपिण्डने: in the sapiṇḍana (sapiṇḍīkaraṇa)
• सपिण्डने: अधिकरण (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सपिण्डन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Strī-pitṛ relation (woman as recipient) distinct from father’s line

Timing: During sapiṇḍīkaraṇa; also references Anvaṣṭakā and vṛddhi-śrāddha contexts

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Distinct relational identities in ancestral rites must be preserved; offerings (piṇḍa) are not interchangeable even within close kinship.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as discriminative order (viveka) in action; karma’s fruits depend on correct intention and correct recipient (saṅkalpa + adhikāra).

Application: During sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, offer the woman’s piṇḍa separately from the father’s; do not merge offerings across categories even on special śrāddha days.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: śrāddha-vedī/altar (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.34.121-122 on grouping of relatives in sapiṇḍīkaraṇa

Characters & Entities

• Pitris

FAQs

What is the importance of offering a separate piṇḍa for a woman in sapiṇḍīkaraṇa?

This verse instructs that during sapiṇḍīkaraṇa the woman’s piṇḍa should not be merged with the father’s offering; it is given separately, indicating a distinct ritual handling in ancestral integration rites.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana guidance on post-death rites?

In the Preta Kanda context, Śrāddha and piṇḍa-dāna are presented as structured rites that support the departed’s transition and formal connection with the pitṛs; this verse specifies a procedural rule within that framework.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing Śrāddha—especially sapiṇḍīkaraṇa—follow tradition-specific procedure and consult a competent priest: this verse emphasizes careful, role-specific offerings rather than performing rites in a mixed or casual manner.