Shloka 4
Brahmaṇa-parīkṣā
Examination/Doctrine of the Pitṛs in Śrāddha Context
Devanagari script
देवास्छैतान्यजन्ते वै सर्वज्ञानेष्ववस्थितान् / आश्रमश्च यजन्त्येनांश्चत्वारस्तु यथाक्रमम्
Transliteration
devāschaitānyajante vai sarvajñāneṣvavasthitān / āśramaśca yajantyenāṃścatvārastu yathākramam
Translation
தேவர்களும் எல்லா ஞானத்திலும் நிலைபெற்ற இப் பித்ருக்களை யஜிக்கின்றனர்; அதுபோல நான்கு ஆசிரமங்களும் முறையே அவர்களை வழிபடுகின்றன।
Word by Word
devāḥthe gods
devāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Plural
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
etānthese
etān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural; pronoun
yajanteworship
yajante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√yaj (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Plural; ātmanepada
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle
sarva-jñāneṣuin all knowledges/branches of knowledge
sarva-jñāneṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva-jñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th), Plural; compound: sarva + jñāna
avasthitānsituated/established
avasthitān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootava-√sthā (धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त; avasthita); Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural; qualifies etān
āśramaḥthe āśrama(s)
āśramaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootāśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; collective sense ‘āśrama-system/āśramas’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
yajantiworship
yajanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√yaj (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Plural; parasmaipada
enānthem
enān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural; pronoun (enad-series)
catvāraḥfour
catvāraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatvāri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; numeral; (āśramāḥ understood)
tuindeed/and
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle
yathā-kramamin due order
yathā-kramam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā-krama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva used adverbially; accusative singular form functioning as avyaya