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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 16

Viṣṇupadī Gaṅgā: Descent, Cosmic Pathways, and Śiva’s Praise of Saṅkarṣaṇa

भवानीनाथै: स्त्रीगणार्बुदसहस्रैरवरुध्यमानो भगवतश्चतुर्मूर्तेर्महापुरुषस्य तुरीयां तामसीं मूर्तिं प्रकृतिमात्मन: सङ्कर्षणसंज्ञामात्मसमाधिरूपेण सन्निधाप्यैतदभिगृणन् भव उप-धावति ॥ १६ ॥

bhavānī-nāthaiḥ strī-gaṇārbuda-sahasrair avarudhyamāno bhagavataś catur-mūrter mahā-puruṣasya turīyāṁ tāmasīṁ mūrtiṁ prakṛtim ātmanaḥ saṅkarṣaṇa-saṁjñām ātma-samādhi-rūpeṇa sannidhāpyaitad abhigṛṇan bhava upadhāvati.

இலாவ்ருத வர்ஷத்தில் பகவான் சிவன், பவானியின் பத்து பில்லியன் பணிப்பெண்களால் எப்போதும் சூழப்பட்டு அவர்களின் சேவையைப் பெறுகிறார். பரமனின் சதுர்மூர்த்தி—வாசுதேவ, பிரத்யும்ன, அனிருத்த, சங்கர்ஷண—இவற்றில் நான்காம் விரிவு சங்கர்ஷணன். அவர் முழுமையாக அதீதனாயினும், பொருள் உலகில் சங்காரச் செயல் தமோகுணத்துடன் தொடர்புடையதால் ‘தாமஸீ’ மூர்த்தி என அழைக்கப்படுகிறார். சங்கர்ஷணனே தன் இருப்பின் ஆதிகாரணம் என்பதை சிவன் அறிந்து, சமாதியில் அவரை அருகில் நிலைநிறுத்தி, கீழ்க்கண்ட மந்திரத்தை ஜபித்து அவரிடம் சரணடைகிறார்।

bhavānī-nāthaiḥby Bhavānī’s attendants/leaders
bhavānī-nāthaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavānī (प्रातिपदिक) + nātha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa; Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural; 'by the lords/attendants of Bhavānī'
strī-gaṇa-arbuda-sahasraiḥby thousands of crores of groups of women
strī-gaṇa-arbuda-sahasraiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootstrī (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + arbuda (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa; Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Plural; 'by thousands of crores of groups of women' (hyperbolic)
avarudhyamānaḥbeing surrounded/hemmed in
avarudhyamānaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootava-√rudh (धातु)
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्/कर्मणि), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifies bhavaḥ
bhagavataḥof the Lord
bhagavataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th), Singular
catur-mūrteḥof the four-formed (one)
catur-mūrteḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + mūrti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvigu compound (numeral); Feminine, Genitive (6th), Singular; 'of the four-formed (Lord)'
mahā-puruṣasyaof the Great Person
mahā-puruṣasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya; Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular; in apposition with bhagavataḥ
turīyāmthe fourth
turīyām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootturīya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; agrees with mūrtim
tāmasīmtāmasī (of tamas)
tāmasīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular; agrees with mūrtim
mūrtimform
mūrtim:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootmūrti (प्रातिपदik)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
prakṛtimPrakṛti (nature)
prakṛtim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular; in apposition to mūrtim
ātmanaḥof himself
ātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th), Singular
saṅkarṣaṇa-saṁjñāmnamed Saṅkarṣaṇa
saṅkarṣaṇa-saṁjñām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṅkarṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + saṁjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa; Feminine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies mūrtim/prakṛtim; 'named Saṅkarṣaṇa'
ātma-samādhi-rūpeṇaby the form of self-samādhi
ātma-samādhi-rūpeṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक) + samādhi (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa; Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; 'by the form of self-absorption'
sannidhāpyahaving established (in meditation)
sannidhāpya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ni-√dhā (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्); 'having placed/established (near/in presence)'
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Neuter, Accusative, Singular; object of abhigṛṇan
abhigṛṇanpraising (it)
abhigṛṇan:
Karta (कर्ता as agent-participle)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhi-√gṝ/√gṛ (धातु; 'to praise/recite')
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifies bhavaḥ; 'praising/reciting'
bhavaḥBhava (Śiva)
bhavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
upadhāvatiapproaches/runs toward
upadhāvati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√dhāv (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

Sometimes we see a picture of Lord Śiva engaged in meditation. This verse explains that Lord Śiva is always meditating upon Lord Saṅkarṣaṇa in trance. Lord Śiva is in charge of the destruction of the material world. Lord Brahmā creates the material world, Lord Viṣṇu maintains it, and Lord Śiva destroys it. Because destruction is in the mode of ignorance, Lord Śiva and his worshipable Deity, Saṅkarṣaṇa, are technically called tāmasī. Lord Śiva is the incarnation of tamo-guṇa. Since both Lord Śiva and Saṅkarṣaṇa are always enlightened and situated in the transcendental position, they have nothing to do with the modes of material nature — goodness, passion and ignorance — but because their activities involve them with the mode of ignorance, they are sometimes called tāmasī.

B
Bhava (Lord Śiva)
B
Bhavānī (Pārvatī)
S
Saṅkarṣaṇa
B
Bhagavān (Mahāpuruṣa, fourfold forms)

FAQs

This verse portrays Lord Śiva (Bhava), even while accompanied by Pārvatī and vast divine entourages, approaching and glorifying the Supreme Lord in samādhi—showing Śiva’s devotion to the Mahāpuruṣa and His manifestations.

Saṅkarṣaṇa is identified here as one of the Lord’s four manifestations (catur-mūrti). Śiva meditatively brings forth the ‘fourth’ form—described as tāmasī—indicating a specific cosmic function connected with tamas and the Lord’s prakṛti.

The verse emphasizes focused inner absorption: even amid duties and surroundings, one can approach the Lord by steady meditation and heartfelt glorification—turning the mind inward to remember and praise the Divine.