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Srimad Bhagavatam — Chaturtha Skandha, Shloka 3

Pṛthu Pursues the Earth and the Earth Takes the Form of a Cow

Bhūmi as Gauḥ

विदुर उवाच कस्माद्दधार गोरूपं धरित्री बहुरूपिणी । यां दुदोह पृथुस्तत्र को वत्सो दोहनं च किम् ॥ ३ ॥

vidura uvāca kasmād dadhāra go-rūpaṁ dharitrī bahu-rūpiṇī yāṁ dudoha pṛthus tatra ko vatso dohanaṁ ca kim

விதுரர் கேட்டார்—அன்புள்ள பிராமணரே! பல வடிவம் எடுக்கக்கூடிய பூமாதேவி ஏன் பசுவின் வடிவத்தை எடுத்தாள்? பிருது அவளைப் பால் கறந்தபோது கன்று யார், கறக்கும் முறை என்ன, கறக்கும் பாத்திரம் எது?

viduraḥVidura
viduraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvidura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु) (तिङन्त)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular
kasmātfrom what cause?/why
kasmāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter/masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; interrogative pronoun
dadhāraassumed/held
dadhāra:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dhṛ (धृ धातु) (तिङन्त)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; ‘held/assumed’
go-rūpamthe form of a cow
go-rūpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular
dharitrīthe Earth
dharitrī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharitrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular
bahu-rūpiṇīmany-formed
bahu-rūpiṇī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpinī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; adjective qualifying dharitrī
yāmwhom/which (her)
yām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; relative pronoun referring to dharitrī
dudohamilked
dudoha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√duh (दुह् धातु) (तिङन्त)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular; ‘milked’
pṛthuḥPṛthu
pṛthuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛthu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular
tatrathere/in that case
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (देशवाचक)
kaḥwho/what (was)
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; interrogative pronoun
vatsaḥthe calf
vatsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvatsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular
dohanamthe milking (vessel/method)
dohanam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdohana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable conjunction
kimwhat
kim:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st), Singular; interrogative pronoun
V
Vidura
D
Dharitrī (Earth personified)
K
King Pṛthu

FAQs

This verse frames Vidura’s inquiry into the symbolism of the Earth appearing as a cow—an emblem of nourishment and sustenance—so the narrative can explain how righteous rule draws forth prosperity for all beings.

Vidura is speaking, asking why the Earth assumed a cow’s form and, in King Pṛthu’s milking of her, who functioned as the calf and what served as the milking vessel.

Prosperity is not merely extracted by force; it is drawn forth through dharma—responsible leadership, protection of resources, and actions that benefit the whole society.