Sutra 6

Devanagari script

परोपदिष्टं परोक्षम् ॥ कZ_०१.९.०६ ॥

Transliteration

paropadiṣṭaṃ parokṣam

Translation

மற்றொருவர் கூறியது மறைமுக (பிரமாணம்).

Word by Word

• परोपदिष्टम्: (That which is) instructed by another; second-hand/taught by others
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: उप-√दिश् (दिश्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; भूतकृदन्त (क्त), ‘उपदिष्ट’ = instructed/taught; ‘पर’ + ‘उपदिष्ट’ = by another/others instructed

• परोक्षम्: indirect; not directly perceptible; unseen
• Type: Adjective (Noun used adjectivally)
• Root: अक्ष (इन्द्रिय/दृष्टि) (निपात-पूर्वक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘पर’ (beyond) + ‘अक्ष’ (eye/sense) → ‘परोक्ष’ = beyond perception, not directly seen

Entities Mentioned

• reporting agents/informants (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What risk does 'parokṣa' information introduce in governance?

Information distortion (bias, deception, error), which is why Kautilya pairs it with direct checks and inference from results.