Rig Veda 10.78.7: Mandala 10, Sukta 78, Mantra 7
Sukta 10.78
Devata: Maruts (hymn-level), portrayed with Uṣas and Sindhu imagery
Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī uncertain without full scan
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उषसां न केतवोऽध्वरश्रियः शुभंयवो नाञ्जिभिर्व्यश्वितन् । सिन्धवो न ययियो भ्राजदृष्टयः परावतो न योजनानि ममिरे ॥
Transliteration
uṣásāṃ na ketávo’dhvara-śriyàḥ śubhaṃ-yávo nā́ñji-bhir vy-àśvitan | síndhavo na yayíyo bhrā́ja-dṛṣṭayaḥ parāváto na yójanāni mamire ||
Translation
उषसां केतव इव—अध्वरश्रियः—स्वशुभैः व्यश्वितन्। सिन्धव इव यययः, भ्राजदृष्टयः शस्त्रदीप्त्या दृश्यन्ते; परावत इव दूराणि योजनानि ममिरे।
Word by Word
उषसाम्of the dawns
उषसाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
केतवःrays, banners (signals)
केतवः:
कर्तृ (of implied/understood verb ‘are/shine’)
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
अध्वरश्रियःhaving the splendor of the rite (sacrificial)
अध्वरश्रियः:
कर्तृ/विशेषण (qualifying ‘केतवः’)
TypeAdjective (substantival)
Rootअध्वर-श्री (समास; प्रातिपदिक)
शुभंयवःswiftly-yoking / well-yoking
शुभंयवः:
कर्तृ/विशेषण (appositional to the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभं-यु (समास; प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
अञ्जिभिःwith (their) unguents/ointments; with adornments
अञ्जिभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootअञ्जि (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, forth (intensively)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
अश्वितन्they sped forth / they coursed
अश्वितन्:
कर्तृ (subject: the rays/they)
TypeVerb
Rootअश्व् (धातु; ‘to speed like a horse’)
सिन्धवःrivers
सिन्धवः:
कर्तृ (in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
ययियःswift-going, coursing
ययियः:
कर्तृ/विशेषण (qualifying ‘सिन्धवः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootययि (प्रातिपदिक; from √या ‘to go’)
भ्राजदृष्टयःhaving shining spears/points (lit. ‘shining-sighted/pointed’)
भ्राजदृष्टयः:
कर्तृ/विशेषण (appositional epithet)
TypeAdjective (bahuvrīhi) / Noun-like epithet
Rootभ्राजत्-दृष्टि (समास; प्रातिपदिक)
परावतःfrom far away
परावतः:
अपादान
TypeNoun/Adjective (used adverbially)
Rootपरावत् (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
योजनानिstages, yokes; distances (leagues)
योजनानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootयोजन (प्रातिपदिक)
ममिरेthey have measured / they measured out
ममिरे:
कर्तृ (subject: they = the rays/streams etc.)
TypeVerb
Root√मा (माने/मितौ ‘to measure’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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