Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 34

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम् तथा अङ्गदप्रेरणा

Kumbhakarna’s sortie and Angada’s rallying of the Vanaras

Devanagari script

ऋषभशरभमैन्दधूम्रनीलाःकुमुदसुषेणगवाक्षरम्भताराः ।द्विविदपनसवायुपुत्रमुख्यास्त्वरिततराभिमुखंरणं ।।।।

Transliteration

ṛṣabhaśarabha-mainda-dhūmra-nīlāḥ kumuda-suṣeṇa-gavākṣa-rambha-tārāḥ |

dvivida-panasa-vāyuputra-mukhyās tvaritatarābhimukhaṁ raṇaṁ ||

Translation

ऋषभशरभमैन्दधूम्रनीलाः कुमुदसुषेणगवाक्षरम्भताराः । द्विविदपनसवायुपुत्रमुख्याः त्वरिततरं रणमभिमुखं जग्मुः ॥

Word by Word

• ṛṣabha-śarabha-mainda-dhūmra-nīlāḥ: Rishabha, Sharabha, Mainda, Dhumra, and Nila
• ṛṣabha-śarabha-mainda-dhūmra-nīlāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣabha/śarabha/mainda/dhūmra/nīla (प्रातिपदिक-s)
• Form: Itaretara-dvandva (copulative list of names); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana

• kumuda-suṣeṇa-gavākṣa-rambha-tārāḥ: Kumuda, Susena, Gavaksha, Rambha, and Tara
• kumuda-suṣeṇa-gavākṣa-rambha-tārāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumuda/suṣeṇa/gavākṣa/rambha/tārā (प्रातिपदिक-s)
• Form: Itaretara-dvandva; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• dvivida-panasa-vāyuputra-mukhyāḥ: with Dwivida, Panasa, and Vayu's son (Hanuman) as the chief ones
• dvivida-panasa-vāyuputra-mukhyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvivida/panasa/vāyuputra (प्रातिपदिक) + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (enumerative + qualifier): dvivida-panasa-vāyuputrāḥ ye mukhyāḥ; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• tvaritatara-abhimukham: very swiftly, facing toward
• tvaritatara-abhimukham: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tvarita (प्रातिपदिक) + tara (तद्धित/तरप्) + abhimukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva used adverbially (kriyā-viśeṣaṇa): 'more swiftly, facing toward'

• raṇam: to the battle/battlefield
• raṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: raṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana; gati-kriyāyāḥ karma (object of motion)

Context

Rshaba, Sarabha, Mainda and Nila, Kumuda, Susena, Rambha, and Tara headed by Dwiviida, Panasa and Hanuman marched ahead swiftly to the battlefield.।। ityārṣēvālmīkīyēśrīmadrāmāyaṇēādikāvyēyuddhakāṇḍēṣaṣṭitamassargaḥ ।।This is the end of the sixty sixth sarga of Yuddha Kanda of the first epic, the holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Ṛṣabha
• Śarabha
• Mainda
• Dhūmra
• Nīla
• Kumuda
• Suṣeṇa
• Gavākṣa
• Rambha
• Tārā
• Dvivida
• Panasa
• Hanūmān (Vāyuputra)
• battlefield (raṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is upheld through coordinated service: many leaders align their strength toward a righteous end rather than acting from fear or ego.

What is the narrative situation?

After regrouping, the principal Vānara chiefs surge back toward combat to meet the threat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Saṅgha-bhāva (unity) and utsāha (energetic resolve): collective courage reasserts itself under capable leaders.