Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 89

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

कुम्भकर्णस्तुदुर्धर्षोभ्रातुराज्ञायशासनम् ।तथेत्युक्त्वामहावीर्यश्शयनादुत्पपातह ।।।।

Transliteration

kumbhakarṇas tu durdharṣo bhrātur ājñāya śāsanam |

tathety uktvā mahāvīryaḥ śayanād utpapāta ha ||

Translation

कुम्भकर्णस्तु दुर्धर्षो भ्रातुराज्ञां शिरसा गृहीत्वा “तथास्तु” इति वदन् महावीर्यः शयनादुत्पपात ह।

Word by Word

• kumbhakarṇaḥ: Kumbhakarṇa
• kumbhakarṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tu: then
• tu: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• durdharṣaḥ: formidable
• durdharṣaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dur + dharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: तत्पुरुष 'दुर्धर्षः' = hard to overpower

• bhrātuḥ: of (his) brother
• bhrātuḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; 'of (his) brother'

• ājñāya: having understood
• ājñāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√jñā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive): 'having understood/received (the command)'

• śāsanam: command
• śāsanam: Karma (कर्म) (of ājñāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śāsana (प्रातिपदिक; √śās धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'order/command'

• tathā: so
• tathā: Quotation content (implicit)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): 'so'

• iti: (saying)
• iti: Quotation marker (इति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरणसूचक अव्यय

• uktvā: having said
• uktvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive): 'having said'

• mahā-vīryaḥ: mighty-valored
• mahā-vīryaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: कर्मधारय 'महद् वीर्यं यस्य' (mighty in valor)

• śayanāt: from (his) bed
• śayanāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śayana (प्रातिपदिक; √śī धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (ablative), एकवचन; 'from the bed'

• utpapāta: leapt up, rose
• utpapāta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut-√pat (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ha: indeed (narrative particle)
• ha: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ha (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle) narrative/emphatic

Context

Formidable and courageous Kumbhakarna also got up from sleep saying 'yes' and rose up.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Prompt fulfillment of acknowledged duty: once an obligation is recognized, one should not delay in action.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa accepts the summons and physically rises to proceed toward Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (valor) coupled with decisiveness.