Shloka 12

Devanagari script

आसनेषु यथान्यायमुपविष्टान् समन्तत:।।1.50.12।।दृष्ट्वा स नृपतिस्तत्र विश्वामित्रमथाब्रवीत्।

Transliteration

āsaneṣu yathānyāyam upaviṣṭān samantataḥ |

dṛṣṭvā sa nṛpatis tatra viśvāmitram athābravīt ||

Translation

आसनेषु यथान्यायं समन्ततः उपविष्टान् जनान् दृष्ट्वा स नृपतिस्तत्र विश्वामित्रमथाब्रवीत्।

Word by Word

• आसनेषु: on the seats
• आसनेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), बहुवचन

• यथान्यायम्: according to propriety
• यथान्यायम्: Kriya-Visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + न्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास, क्रियाविशेषण

• उपविष्टान्: those seated
• उपविष्टान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle) used as adjective, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; 'seated' (object of दृष्ट्वा)

• समन्ततः: all around
• समन्ततः: Kriya-Visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb): 'on all sides'

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (gerund), अव्ययभाव; 'having seen'

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• नृपतिः: the king
• नृपतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सः इत्यस्य समानाधिकरणम्

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (adverb of place)

• विश्वामित्रम्: Viśvāmitra
• विश्वामित्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वामित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे कर्म (addressed as object of speech)

• अथ: then
• अथ: Discourse-Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनुक्रमसूचक

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

Thereafter the king looked on all sides and saw all of them seated according to their rank and addressed Viswamitra saying:

Characters & Entities

• Janaka
• Viśvāmitra

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed as orderly governance and ritual discipline: before speaking on important matters, Janaka ensures the assembly is properly arranged and attentive.

What is the narrative situation?

Janaka surveys the assembly seated by rank and begins his formal address to Viśvāmitra.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Janaka’s prudence and respect for procedure—he speaks at the right time, in the right setting.