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Shloka 21

Narrative of the Śūdra’s Renunciation of Greed

with the Tulādhāra Greatness Prelude

बह्वर्घमल्पमर्घं च क्रयविक्रयणे सुधीः । सत्यवाक्यं प्रशस्तं च विशेषात्साक्षिणो भवेत्

bahvarghamalpamarghaṃ ca krayavikrayaṇe sudhīḥ | satyavākyaṃ praśastaṃ ca viśeṣātsākṣiṇo bhavet

बह्वर्घमल्पमर्घं च क्रयविक्रयणे सुधीः। सत्यवाक्यं प्रशस्तं च विशेषात्साक्षिणो भवेत्॥

bahu-arghamhigh-priced/valuable
bahu-argham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक) + argha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: bahuṃ arghaṃ yasya/tat = ‘of great value’
alpa-arghamlow-priced
alpa-argham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootalpa (प्रातिपदिक) + argha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: ‘of small value’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)
kraya-vikrayaṇein purchase and sale
kraya-vikrayaṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkraya (प्रातिपदिक) + vikrayaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (एकवचन); itaretara-dvandva: krayaś ca vikrayaṇaṃ ca; locative ‘in buying and selling’
sudhīḥa wise person
sudhīḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsu-dhī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (एकवचन)
satya-vākyamtruthful speech
satya-vākyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक) + vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: satyasya vākyaṃ = ‘truthful statement’
praśastampraiseworthy
praśastam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpraśasta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन); viśeṣaṇa to satyavākyam
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)
viśeṣātespecially
viśeṣāt:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootviśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPañcamī (5th/पञ्चमी), Ekavacana used adverbially (पञ्चमी-अव्ययीभाव/हेतौ): ‘especially/particularly’
sākṣiṇaḥof a witness
sākṣiṇaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootsākṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana (एकवचन)
bhavetshould be/become
bhavet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
FormLiṅ (लिङ्, Optative/vidhiliṅ), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

Unspecified (context not provided in the input excerpt)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes: bahvargham → bahu + argham; alpamargham → alpa + argham; krayavikrayaṇe treated as dvandva compound; viśeṣātsākṣiṇo → viśeṣāt + sākṣiṇaḥ.

FAQs

It teaches that truthfulness and reputability are essential in commercial dealings, especially for anyone acting as a witness in buying and selling.

To emphasize that moral duty does not change with the value of the transaction; honesty is required whether the deal is large or small.

One should be a reliable witness—truthful in speech and respected in character—so that social trust and justice are upheld.