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Shloka 8

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

दैवे पैत्र्ये समाख्याहि नावेद्यं विद्यते तवल । सौतिरुवाच । तिथेः प्रांतं सुराणां हि उपोष्यं प्रीतिवर्द्धनम् ॥ ८ ॥

daive paitrye samākhyāhi nāvedyaṃ vidyate tavala | sautiruvāca | titheḥ prāṃtaṃ surāṇāṃ hi upoṣyaṃ prītivarddhanam || 8 ||

दैवे पैत्र्ये समाख्याहि; नावेद्यं विद्यते तव। सूतिरुवाच—तिथेः प्रान्तं सुराणां ह्युपोष्यं प्रीतिवर्धनम्॥

दैवेin/with regard to the divine (rites)
दैवे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदैव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
पैत्र्येin/with regard to ancestral (rites)
पैत्र्ये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपैत्र्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
समाख्याहिtell/explain
समाख्याहि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+आ+ख्या (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative/लोट्), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person/मध्यमपुरुष), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
अवेद्यम्unknown/unknowable
अवेद्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअवेद्य (प्रातिपदिक; a- + √विद्-धातोः यत्/ण्यत्)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); नञ्-तत्पुरुष-भाव (unknowable/not to be known)
विद्यतेexists/is found
विद्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु; √विद् ‘to be found’ in आत्मनेपद)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada)
तवfor you/of you
तव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन (Singular)
सूतिःSūti (the narrator)
सूतिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसूति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
तिथेःof the tithi
तिथेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन (Singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)
प्रान्तम्the end
प्रान्तम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
सुराणाम्of the gods
सुराणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ (indeed/for)
उपोष्यम्to be fasted/observed as fast
उपोष्यम्:
Vidhaya (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootउपोष्य (प्रातिपदिक; √उपवस्-धातोः यत्/ण्यत्-भावे कर्मणि)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
प्रीति-वर्द्धनम्increasing pleasure/satisfaction
प्रीति-वर्द्धनम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीति (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्द्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); विशेषण (qualifying ‘उपोष्यम्’)

Suta

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

S
Suta
D
Devas
P
Pitrs (Ancestors)
T
Tithi

FAQs

It links ritual timing (the tithi’s close) with inner discipline (fasting), teaching that self-restraint offered at the proper time becomes a direct means of increasing divine satisfaction (prīti).

By presenting upavāsa as an offering that pleases the Devas, it frames devotion not only as emotion but as a concrete vrata—devotional discipline aligned with sacred time.

It highlights calendrical/astronomical ritual timing through the concept of tithi and its prānta (end), a key practical rule used in vrata and pūjā scheduling.