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Shloka 19

Adhyaya 83The Slaying of Mahishasura’s Armies and the Final Death of Mahishasura

बिडालस्यासिना कायात् पातयामास वै शिरः ।

दुर्धरं दुर्मुखं चोभौ शरैर्निन्ये यमक्षयम् ।

कालं च कालदण्डेन कालरात्रिरपातयत् ॥

biḍālasyāsinā kāyāt pātayāmāsa vai śiraḥ | durdharaṃ durmukhaṃ cobhau śarair ninye yamakṣayam | kālaṃ ca kāladaṇḍena kālarātrir apātayat ||

बिडालस्य शिरः खड्गेन कायात् विच्छिद्य पातयामास। दुर्धरं दुर्मुखं च शरैः यमसदनं प्रेषयामास। कालं च कालरात्रिः कालदण्डेन निहन्ति स्म।

biḍālasyaof Biḍāla
biḍālasya:
Sambandha/Ṣaṣṭhī (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootbiḍāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
asināwith a sword
asinā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootasi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
kāyātfrom the body
kāyāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootkāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)
pātayāmāsacaused to fall, cut off
pātayāmāsa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√pat (धातु)
FormCausative (णिच्) + Periphrastic perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात), emphasis
śiraḥthe head
śiraḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
durdharamDurdhara (a demon)
durdharam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdurdhara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
durmukhamDurmukha (a demon)
durmukham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdurmukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
ubhauboth (of them)
ubhau:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootubha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन)
śaraiḥwith arrows
śaraiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
ninyesent/led (to)
ninye:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√nī (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
yama-kṣayamto Yama’s abode (death)
yama-kṣayam:
Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘abode/realm of Yama’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
kālamKāla (a demon/personified Time)
kālam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
kāla-daṇḍenawith Kāla’s staff
kāla-daṇḍena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक) + daṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘staff of Kāla’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
kālarātriḥKālarātri (a goddess)
kālarātriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkālarātri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘night of time/death’; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
apātayatcaused to fall, felled
apātayat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√pat (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Causative (णिच्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
Narrative voice within the Devi Mahatmyam frame
Mahādevī (Ambikā/Durgā)Kālarātri
Kālarātri (fierce night/time aspect); Mahādevī’s terrifying protective manifestation
ShaktismDeath/Time symbolismFierce compassion (ugra-śakti)

FAQs

Even ‘Time’ and ‘Death’ motifs are subordinated to the Supreme Goddess: dharma is not ultimately at the mercy of chaos. The verse reinforces the inevitability of consequences—those who embody destruction are themselves destroyed.

Not pancalakṣaṇa enumeration; it is a dharma-restoring battle narrative used pedagogically to convey the supremacy of śakti.

Kālarātri overcoming ‘Kāla’ suggests that the Absolute (as śakti) transcends temporality. In inner terms, the fear of time/death is conquered by realization of the timeless ground.