Shloka 46

Adhyaya 63 — Sumati's Dharma

Sanskrit

राक्षसेनैव यस्मान्मे त्वयादृश्येन दुर्मते । हृता विद्या वहासश्च मामवज्ञाय वै कृतः ॥

Transliteration

rākṣasenaiva yasmān me tvayādṛśyena durmate | hṛtā vidyā vahāsaś ca mām avajñāya vai kṛtaḥ ||

Translation

यतः त्वं अदृश्यो राक्षसः दुष्टबुद्धिः, मम ज्ञानं अपहृतवान्; मां च अवज्ञाय उपहसितवानसि।

Word by Word

• rākṣasena: by a demon
• rākṣasena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात) for emphasis

• yasmāt: because/from which reason
• yasmāt: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Ablative (पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine/Neuter form; causal sense 'because'

• me: my/of me
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive/Dative enclitic (षष्ठी/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन); here = 'of me/to me' (context: my)

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• adṛśyena: by (being) invisible
• adṛśyena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adṛśya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective used substantively 'by (means of) invisibility'

• durmate: O evil-minded one
• durmate: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durmati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); common-gender stem, here masculine address

• hṛtā: was taken away
• hṛtā: Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √hṛ (धातु) + hṛta (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Kridanta (कृदन्त) past passive participle (क्त); Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with vidyā

• vidyā: knowledge
• vidyā: Karta (कर्ता; in passive, logical object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• vā: and/also (or)
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), disjunctive particle (विकल्पार्थक निपात)

• hāsaḥ: laughter
• hāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; coordinated subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चय)

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• avajñāya: having insulted/disrespected
• avajñāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava + √jñā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), from ava+√jñā 'to disrespect'; indeclinable verbal form

• vai: indeed
• vai: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात) for emphasis/assertion

• kṛtaḥ: was done/made (to be)
• kṛtaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) + kṛta (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Kridanta (कृदन्त) past passive participle (क्त); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective to implied 'you' (tvam) = 'you were made/done'

Speakers

• Brahmamitra (direct speech) as reported by the rākṣasa

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "dharmic (nīti)", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Guru-avajñā (contempt of teacher)
• Adharma of theft
• Moral accusation preceding curse

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The gravest fault is not merely taking, but avajñā—contempt toward the source of wisdom. Disrespect severs the inner capacity to properly hold and benefit from knowledge.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

A dharma-centered ākhyāna illustrating the mechanics of śāpa (curse) as consequence for adharma.

What is the esoteric significance?

Mockery (hāsa) indicates a vibration of distortion; in mantra-culture, speech and sound are potent—misusing them against a tapasvin rebounds as binding fate.