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Shloka 32

Adhyaya 49Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

तेन वा वर्तयन्ति स्म मुखे त्रेयायुगस्य वै ।

ततः कालान्तरेणैव पुनर् लोभान्वितास् तु ताः ॥

tena vā vartayanti sma mukhe treyāyugasya vai | tataḥ kālāntareṇaiva punar lobhānvītās tu tāḥ ||

तेन मधुना ते खलु त्रेतायुगस्यादौ जीवितवन्तः। अथ कालेनान्तरिते पुनर्लोभसमाविष्टा अभवन्॥

तेनby that / with that
तेन:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) of pronoun; 'by/with that'
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
FormParticle (विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय), disjunctive 'or'
वर्तयन्तिthey maintain / they carry on
वर्तयन्ति:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); causative sense 'cause to proceed/maintain' (वर्तयति)
स्मindeed / (past marker)
स्म:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म (अव्यय)
FormParticle indicating past narration/reminiscence (स्म-अव्यय)
मुखेin the mouth / at the face
मुखे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
त्रेयायुगस्यof the Tretā age
त्रेयायुगस्य:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Possessive)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेयायुग (प्रातिपदिक; त्रेता + युग)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); तत्पुरुष: त्रेतायाः युगम् → त्रेयायुगम्
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय)
ततःthen
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय; तद्-प्रत्यय)
FormAdverb (अव्यय), 'then/from that'
कालान्तरेणafter some time / by lapse of time
कालान्तरेण:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootकालान्तर (प्रातिपदिक; काल + अन्तर)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); 'after an interval of time'
एवonly / indeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
FormRestrictive/emphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (अव्यय)
लोभान्विताःendowed with greed
लोभान्विताः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootलोभ + अन्वित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √इ (धातु) + क्त)
FormPast passive participle used adjectivally; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग) agreeing with ताः; तत्पुरुष: लोभेन अन्विताः
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
FormAdversative particle (व्यतिरेक/अन्वयार्थक-अव्यय)
ताःthey (those women)
ताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)
Narrative voice within didactic exposition

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Rise of greedMoral decline across yugasFrom abundance to possessiveness

FAQs

Even when needs are met, unchecked desire matures into lobha (greed), which is treated as a turning point toward conflict and social stratification.

Manvantara/yuga-dharma trajectory: the ethical texture of an age and its deterioration.

The recurrence (‘punar’) highlights cyclicity: inner impurities reassert themselves unless restrained by dharma/discipline.