Shloka 40

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

एतत्ते कथितं ब्रह्मन् ! यत्पृष्टा भवता वयम् ।

सुविस्तरं यथावच्च किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

Transliteration

etat te kathitaṃ brahman! yat pṛṣṭā bhavatā vayam /

suvistaraṃ yathāvac ca kim anyac chrotum icchasi

Translation

हे ब्राह्मण, यत् त्वया पृष्टं तत् सर्वं सम्यग् यथावत् ते कथितम्। अपरं किं श्रोतुमिच्छसि?

Word by Word

• etat: this (matter)
• etat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• te: of you / your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• kathitam: has been told
• kathitam: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kath (कथ् धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘कथितम्’ = “has been told”

• brahman: O Brahmin / O sage
• brahman: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• yat: which (that)
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• pṛṣṭāḥ: asked (we who were asked)
• pṛṣṭāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √prach (प्रच्छ् धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘वयम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• bhavatā: by you
• bhavatā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• vayam: we
• vayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• su-vistaram: in great detail
• su-vistaram: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + vistara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbially)

• yathāvat: properly, as it should be
• yathāvat: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathāvat (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• kim: what
• kim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक (interrogative)

• anyat: other
• anyat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘किम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• śrotum: to hear
• śrotum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (श्रु धातु) + तुमुन् (infinitive)
• Form: कृदन्त (तुमुनन्त/infinitive), अव्ययवत्; इच्छति इत्यस्य कर्म

• icchasi: you wish
• icchasi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (इष् धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

Speakers

• The wise birds addressing Jaimini

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Frame narrative marker
• Completion of sub-story
• Teacher-disciple dialogue etiquette

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse models śāstric dialogue: a teaching is delivered ‘yathāvat’ (accurately) and ‘suvistara’ (sufficiently), after which the listener is invited to inquire further—emphasizing inquiry (praśna) as a valid path to clarity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Structural/recensional marker concluding an ākhyāna; not itself one of the five topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

The open invitation implies that wisdom is iterative: each resolved doubt becomes the ground for subtler inquiry, mirroring progressive inner purification.