Shloka 68

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

छत्रोपानत्प्रदातारो ये च वस्त्रप्रदा नराः ।

ये यान्ति मनुजा मार्गं तं सुखेन तथान्नदाः ॥

Transliteration

chatropānatpradātāro ye ca vastrapradā narāḥ /

ye yānti manujā mārgaṃ taṃ sukhena tathān nadāḥ

Translation

ये छत्रं पादुके च ददति, ये च वस्त्राणि ददति, तथा येऽन्नं ददति—ते जनाः तं मार्गं सुखेन यान्ति।

Word by Word

• chatra-upānat-pradātāraḥ: givers of umbrellas and footwear
• chatra-upānat-pradātāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: chatra (प्रातिपदिक) + upānat (प्रातिपदिक) + pradātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'givers of umbrellas and footwear'

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• vastra-pradāḥ: givers of clothes
• vastra-pradāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vastra (प्रातिपदिक) + pradā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'givers of clothes'

• narāḥ: men
• narāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• yānti: go
• yānti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yā (या धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• manujāḥ: people
• manujāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• mārgam: path
• mārgam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• tam: that
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun (तद्), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); referring to 'mārga'

• sukhena: with ease
• sukhena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); adverbial instrumental

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)

• anna-dāḥ: givers of food
• anna-dāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक) + dā (दा धातु) → dā (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-प्रयोग)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'givers of food'

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not explicit in the provided excerpt (likely an instructive narration within Adhyaya 10)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dāna (charity)
• Karmic reward
• Ethical dharma for householders
• Afterlife journey

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Practical compassion (dāna) is elevated as dharma with enduring results: gifts that relieve others’ hardship return as ease in one’s own difficult transitions.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma instruction (ācāra and dāna) tied to karmaphala; supplementary to pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Umbrella, footwear, clothing, and food symbolize protection, stable movement, dignity, and sustenance—inner resources that charity cultivates, which then ‘carry’ the person through liminal states.