Shloka 35
Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma
Devanagari script
परं विषहते यस्मात् तस्मात् पुरुष उच्यते
Transliteration
paraṁ viṣahate yasmāt tasmāt puruṣa ucyate
Translation
परं विषहते यस्मात् तस्मात् पुरुष उच्यते।
Word by Word
परम्the other/another (person); an opponent
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विषहतेendures, bears, overcomes
विषहते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसह् (वि+सह्)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
यस्मात्from which; because of which
यस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore; from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
पुरुषःa man; a person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called, is said
उच्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Characters & Entities
व
वायुदेव (Vāyu-deva)प
पुरुष (puruṣa)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
True personhood is defined by the capacity to endure extremes—suffering, provocation, and duty—without abandoning dharma. Endurance here implies moral steadiness, not mere physical toughness.
Vāyu-deva delivers a concise aphoristic definition: the term ‘puruṣa’ is justified by one’s ability to bear what is difficult. In the Udyoga Parva’s tense pre-war setting, it functions as counsel on inner strength amid escalating conflict.