Shloka 21
Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host
Devanagari script
निर्मयदि महायुद्धे वर्तमाने सुदारुणे । प्रादुरासन् विनाशाय तदोत्पाता: सुदारुणा:
Transliteration
nirmaryāde mahāyuddhe vartamāne sudāruṇe | prādurāsan vināśāya tadotpātāḥ sudāruṇāḥ ||
Translation
सञ्जय उवाच—निर्मर्यादे महायुद्धे वर्तमाने सुदारुणे । तदा विनाशाय सुदारुणा उत्पाताः प्रादुरासन् ॥
Word by Word
निर्मयेin the destruction
निर्मये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्मय (निर् + मय)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महायुद्धेin the great battle
महायुद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहायुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्तमानेwhile proceeding/going on
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत् (वर्तमान)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सुदारुणेvery dreadful
सुदारुणे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रादुरासन्appeared/arose
प्रादुरासन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + दृश् (प्रादुरास् < प्रादुर् + आस्)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural
विनाशायfor destruction
विनाशाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविनाश
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
उत्पाताःportents/omens
उत्पाताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्पात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुदारुणाःvery dreadful
सुदारुणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
When warfare loses maryādā (ethical restraint and limits), it becomes self-destructive; the epic frames such moral collapse as accompanied by ominous signs, underscoring that adharma in action ripens into ruin.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as the battle turns utterly dreadful and unrestrained, terrifying portents arise—signals that the conflict is moving toward catastrophic destruction.