Shloka 21
Sātyaki’s Assurance and the Protection of Dharmarāja (सात्यकिवचनम्—धर्मराजरक्षणविचारः)
Devanagari script
सैन्धवस्य वध प्रेप्सु: प्रयात: शत्रुपूगहा । सहाम्बुपतिमित्रा भ्यां यथेन्द्रस्तारकामये,शत्रुसमूहका नाश करनेवाले अर्जुन जब सात्यकि और श्रीकृष्णके साथ सिंधुराज जयद्रथका वध करनेकी इच्छासे प्रस्थित हुए, उस समय वरुण और मित्रके साथ तारकामय संग्राममें जानेवाले इन्द्रके समान सुशोभित हुए
Transliteration
saindhavasya vadha-prepsuḥ prayātaḥ śatru-pūga-hā | sahāmbu-pati-mitrābhyāṃ yathendraḥ tārakāmaye ||
Translation
सैन्धवस्य वधं प्रेप्सुः प्रयातः शत्रुपूगहा । सहाम्बुपतिमित्राभ्यां यथेन्द्रस्तारकामये ॥
Word by Word
सैन्धवस्यof the Sindhu-king (Jayadratha)
सैन्धवस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्धव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वधम्slaying, killing
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रेप्सुःdesiring to obtain (i.e., wishing to accomplish)
प्रेप्सुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-आप् (धातु) → प्रेप्सु (इच्छार्थक कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रयातःhaving set out, departed
प्रयातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या (धातु) → प्रयात (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रु-पूग-हाslayer of masses of enemies
शत्रु-पूग-हा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु + पूग + हन् (धातु) → हा (कृदन्त/नाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahakari
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अम्बुपति-मित्राभ्याम्with Varuṇa (lord of waters) and Mitra
अम्बुपति-मित्राभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअम्बुपति + मित्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
यथाas, like
यथा:
Upamana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Upamana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तारकामयेin the Tārakāmaya (war/battle)
तारकामये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतारकामय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
शत्रु-समूह-काdestroyer of enemy multitudes
शत्रु-समूह-का:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशत्रु + समूह + क (प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नाश-करनेवालेthose who cause destruction (Hindi gloss)
नाश-करनेवाले:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनाश + कृ (धातु) → करण (कृदन्त) (हिन्दी मिश्र)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अर्जुनArjuna
अर्जुन:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जबwhen (Hindi)
जब:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजब (हिन्दी)
सात्यकिwith Sātyaki
सात्यकि:
Sahakari
TypeNoun
Rootसात्यकि
FormMasculine, Instrumental/Associative (implied with सह), Singular
औरand (Hindi)
और:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऔर (हिन्दी)
श्रीकृष्णकेof/with Śrī Kṛṣṇa (Hindi form)
श्रीकृष्णके:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootश्रीकृष्ण (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
साथtogether with (Hindi)
साथ:
Sahakari
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाथ (हिन्दी)
सिंधुराजthe king of Sindhu
सिंधुराज:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धुराज
FormMasculine, Accusative (implied object of वध), Singular
जयद्रथकाof Jayadratha (Hindi form)
जयद्रथका:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजयद्रथ (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वधslaying (Hindi sentence continuation)
वध:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative (intended), Singular
करनेकीto do (Hindi infinitival)
करनेकी:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (हिन्दी कृदन्त)
इच्छासेwith the desire
इच्छासे:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइच्छा (हिन्दी रूप)
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रस्थितhaving set out (Hindi form)
प्रस्थित:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-स्था (धातु) → प्रस्थित (क्त) (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हुएbecame/were (Hindi)
हुए:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (हिन्दी रूप)
FormPast (Hindi), 3, Plural
उसthat (Hindi)
उस:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउस (हिन्दी)
समयat the time
समय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमय (हिन्दी/संस्कृत)
FormMasculine, Locative (intended), Singular
वरुणVaruṇa
वरुण:
Sahakari
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental/Associative (implied with सह), Singular
औरand (Hindi)
और:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऔर (हिन्दी)
मित्रकेof Mitra (Hindi form)
मित्रके:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
साथtogether with (Hindi)
साथ:
Sahakari
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाथ (हिन्दी)
तारकामयTārakāmaya
तारकामय:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतारकामय
FormMasculine, Locative (intended with संग्रामे), Singular
संग्राममेंin the battle
संग्राममें:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जानेवालेgoing (those who go) (Hindi)
जानेवाले:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगम् (हिन्दी कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इन्द्रकेof Indra (Hindi form)
इन्द्रके:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समानlike, similar to
समान:
Upamana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमान (हिन्दी/संस्कृत)
सुशोभितwell-adorned, splendid
सुशोभित:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ्/शोभ् (धातु) → शोभित (क्त) (हिन्दी रूप)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हुएwere/became (Hindi)
हुए:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (हिन्दी रूप)
FormPast (Hindi), 3, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaA
ArjunaS
SātyakiŚ
Śrī KṛṣṇaJ
Jayadratha (Saindhava, Sindhurāja)I
IndraV
Varuṇa (Ambupati)M
MitraT
Tārakāmaya (war)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights steadfast resolve aligned with one’s pledged duty in war: Arjuna’s focused intent is portrayed not as random violence but as a purposeful act within dharma, supported by loyal companions and framed through a divine exemplar (Indra).
Sañjaya describes Arjuna departing with Sātyaki and Kṛṣṇa to kill Jayadratha (the Saindhava). Arjuna’s departure is likened to Indra going to the mythic Tārakāmaya conflict accompanied by Varuṇa and Mitra.