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Shloka 13

Droṇasya raudra-prayogaḥ

Droṇa’s intensified assault and the Pāṇḍava response

सैन्धवश्नलृ कलिड्रश्न विकर्णश्र॒ तवात्मज: । दक्षिण पाश्वमास्थाय समतिष्ठन्त दंशिता:,कृपश्च कृतवर्मा च चित्रसेनो विविंशति: । दुःशासनमुखा यत्ता: सव्यं पक्षमपालयन्‌ कृपाचार्य, कृतवर्मा, चित्रसेन, विविंशति और दुःशासन आदि वीर योद्धा बड़ी सावधानीके साथ द्रोणाचार्यके वाम पार्श्वकी रक्षा करने लगे

saindhavaś ca śalyaś ca kaliṅgaś ca vikarṇaś ca tavātmajaḥ | dakṣiṇa-pārśvam āsthāya samatiṣṭhanta daṃśitāḥ || kṛpaś ca kṛtavarmā ca citraseno viviṃśatiḥ | duḥśāsana-mukhā yattāḥ savyaṃ pakṣam apālayan ||

सञ्जय उवाच—सैन्धवः शल्यः कलिङ्गराजश्च विकर्णश्च तवात्मजेन सह दक्षिणपार्श्वमास्थाय सन्नद्धा दंशिताः समतिष्ठन्। वामपक्षं तु कृपः कृतवर्मा चित्रसेनो विविंशतिश्च दुःशासनमुखा यत्ताः सावधानं परिरक्षन्ति स्म; एवं द्रोणव्यूहः उभयतः कृतनिश्चयैः रक्षकैः सुरक्षितोऽभवत्।

सैन्धवःthe Sindhu prince (Jayadratha)
सैन्धवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्धव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनलःAnala (a warrior named Anala)
अनलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कलिङ्गःthe Kalinga (king/warrior of Kalinga)
कलिङ्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकलिङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विकर्णःVikarna
विकर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवyour
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
आत्मजःson
आत्मजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दक्षिणम्right (side)
दक्षिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पार्श्वम्flank/side
पार्श्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्श्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving taken position at
आस्थाय:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), आ, Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
समतिष्ठन्तstood/formed up
समतिष्ठन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada, सम्
दंशिताःarmed/ready (well-equipped)
दंशिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदंशित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (kta)
कृपःKripa
कृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृतवर्माKritavarman
कृतवर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतवर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चित्रसेनःChitrasena
चित्रसेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचित्रसेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विविंशतिःVivimshati
विविंशतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविविंशति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुःशासनमुखाःwith Duhshasana at the head (led by Duhshasana)
दुःशासनमुखाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःशासनमुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यत्ताःintent/striving, vigilant
यत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (kta)
सव्यम्left (side)
सव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पक्षम्wing/flank
पक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपालयन्protected/guarded
अपालयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada, अप

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
J
Jayadratha (Saindhava)
Ś
Śalya
K
Kaliṅga (king/warriors)
V
Vikarṇa
D
Duryodhana (implied by 'tavātmajaḥ')
K
Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
K
Kṛtavarmā
C
Citraseṇa
V
Viviṃśati
D
Duḥśāsana
D
Droṇa (Dronācārya)

Educational Q&A

Even within a morally troubled war, the verse highlights disciplined coordination and protective duty toward a leader (Droṇa). It implicitly raises the ethical tension of steadfast loyalty and military competence being employed in service of an adharma-leaning cause—showing how virtue-like qualities (vigilance, unity, courage) can be ethically ambiguous depending on the end they serve.

Sañjaya reports the Kauravas arranging guards around Droṇa: Jayadratha, Śalya, the Kaliṅga contingent, Vikarṇa, and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son hold the right flank, while Kṛpa, Kṛtavarmā, Citraseṇa, Viviṃśati, and Duḥśāsana’s group protect the left flank, ensuring the commander’s wings are secured.