Shloka 49
Devanagari script
तस्याचार्यस्य वृद्धस्य द्रोहो नित्योपकारिण: । कृत्वे हानार्यरस्माभी राज्यार्थे लुब्धबुद्धिभि:
Transliteration
tasya ācāryasya vṛddhasya droho nityopakāriṇaḥ | kṛtve hānāryair asmābhī rājārthe lubdhabuddhibhiḥ ||
Translation
तस्याचार्यस्य वृद्धस्य नित्योपकारिणो गुरोः। राज्यार्थं लुब्धबुद्धिभिर्द्रोहः कृतोऽस्माभिरानघ॥
Word by Word
तस्यof that (man)
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
आचार्यस्यof the teacher
आचार्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वृद्धस्यaged, old
वृद्धस्य:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
द्रोहःbetrayal, treachery
द्रोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्योपकारिणःof the ever-beneficent (one)
नित्योपकारिणः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य-उपकारिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Kriya (Purvakala)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनार्यम्unworthy, ignoble
अनार्यम्:
Karma (Visheshana)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनार्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अस्माभिःby us
अस्माभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Plural
राज्यार्थेfor the sake of the kingdom
राज्यार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
लुब्धबुद्धिभिःby (us) of greedy mind
लुब्धबुद्धिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootलुब्ध-बुद्धि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
Speaker
अजुन उवाच
Characters & Entities
A
ArjunaD
Droṇa (the aged ācārya)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Even in war, dharma places limits: betraying an aged teacher and benefactor for political gain is condemned as anārya (ignoble). The verse highlights inner moral accountability beyond mere victory.
Arjuna reflects with remorse that ‘we’ have acted treacherously toward Droṇa, their venerable preceptor, and admits that the motive—securing kingship—sprang from greed, making the act ethically blameworthy.