Shloka 22
Droṇa’s Rebuke to Duryodhana after Jayadratha’s Fall (द्रोणेन दुर्योधनं प्रति प्रत्युक्तिः)
Devanagari script
तस्मिन् सुतुमुले युद्धे वर्तमाने भयावहे
Transliteration
tasmin sutumule yuddhe vartamāne bhayāvahe
Translation
तस्मिन् सुतुमुले युद्धे वर्तमाने भयावहे।
Word by Word
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
सुतुमुलेvery tumultuous
सुतुमुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुतुमुल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युद्धेin the battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्तमानेwhile occurring/going on
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
Formशानच् (present active participle, Ātmanepada usage), Neuter, Locative, Singular
भयावहेterrifying
भयावहे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभयावह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaB
battle (yuddha)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The line foregrounds the moral atmosphere of war: when violence becomes 'sutumula' (overwhelmingly chaotic) and 'bhayāvaha' (fear-producing), dharma is tested not in theory but amid terror and confusion—setting the stage for choices made under extreme pressure.
Sañjaya, the battlefield narrator, marks a transition: he describes that the battle has become intensely tumultuous and frightening, preparing the listener for the ensuing events and actions that occur within this heightened crisis.