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Shloka 9

Duryodhana Seeks Droṇa’s Counsel; Imperative to Protect Jayadratha; Pāñcāla Assault on Duryodhana

विस्मयो मे महान्‌ पार्थ तव दृष्टवा शरानिमान्‌ | व्यर्थान्‌ निपतितान्‌ संख्ये दुर्योधनरथं प्रति,“कुन्तीनन्दन! आज युद्धस्थलमें दुर्योधनके रथके पास निष्फल होकर गिरे हुए तुम्हारे इन बाणोंको देखकर मुझे महान्‌ आश्चर्य हो रहा है

sañjaya uvāca | vismayo me mahān pārtha tava dṛṣṭvā śarān imān | vyarthān nipatitān saṅkhye duryodhana-rathaṃ prati |

सञ्जय उवाच—विस्मयो मे महान् पार्थ तव दृष्ट्वा शरानिमान् । व्यर्थान् निपतितान् संख्ये दुर्योधनरथं प्रति ॥

विस्मयःwonder, astonishment
विस्मयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविस्मय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तवyour / of you
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for absolutive)
शरान्arrows
शरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इमान्these
इमान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
व्यर्थान्fruitless, ineffective
व्यर्थान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निपतितान्fallen down
निपतितान्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootनि + पत्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
दुर्योधन-रथम्Duryodhana's chariot
दुर्योधन-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधनरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिtowards, against
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Partha, son of Kunti)
D
Duryodhana
A
arrows (śara)
C
chariot (ratha)
B
battlefield (saṅkhya)

Educational Q&A

Even exceptional skill can appear to fail in war; outcomes are not governed by prowess alone but also by circumstance, protection, and destiny. The verse invites reflection on humility and the limits of human control amid a dharma-conflict.

Sanjaya addresses Arjuna (Partha), expressing surprise that Arjuna’s arrows, shot toward Duryodhana’s chariot in the midst of battle, are falling without effect—an unexpected development given Arjuna’s renowned mastery.