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Shloka 9

Adhyāya 78 — Bhīṣma’s Advance, Duryodhana’s Rally, and Concurrent Duels (भीष्मस्याभ्युद्यमः, दुर्योधनस्योत्साहवचनम्, विविधयुद्धवर्णनम्)

धृष्टय्युम्नेन सहितो महत्या सेनयावृत: । नरेश्वर! सेनापति विराट विशाल सेनासे घिरकर धृष्टद्युम्नके साथ उस व्यूहके पृष्ठ भागमें खड़े हुए ।। केकया भ्रातर: पञ्च वामपार्श्व समाश्रिता:,पाँच भाई केकयराजकुमार उनके वामपार्श्चमें खड़े थे। नरश्रेष्ठ धृष्टकेतु और पराक्रमी चेकितान--ये व्यूहके दाहिने भागमें स्थित होकर उसकी रक्षा करते थे

sañjaya uvāca |

dhṛṣṭadyumnena sahito mahatyā senayāvṛtaḥ |

nareśvara! senāpatiḥ virāṭaḥ viśālena senāghirakara dhṛṣṭadyumnena sārdhaṃ tasya vyūhasya pṛṣṭhabhāge tiṣṭhati ||

kekayā bhrātaraḥ pañca vāmapārśvaṃ samāśritāḥ |

naraśreṣṭhaḥ dhṛṣṭaketuḥ parākramaś ca cekitānaḥ—ete vyūhasya dakṣiṇabhāge sthitvā tasya rakṣāṃ kurvanti ||

धृष्टद्युम्नेन सहितो महत्या सेनयावृतः । नरेश्वर! विराटः सेनापतिः पृष्ठभागेऽतिष्ठत् ॥ केकयाः पञ्च भ्रातरः वामपार्श्वं समाश्रिताः । धृष्टकेतुश्च चेकितानश्च दक्षिणे पक्षे व्यूहस्य रक्षणेऽभवताम् ॥

धृष्टद्युम्नेनwith/along with Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सहितःaccompanied (together)
सहितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महत्याby/with a great
महत्या:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सेनयाarmy
सेनया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आवृतःsurrounded/covered
आवृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-वृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सेनापतिःthe commander-in-chief
सेनापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विराटःVirata
विराटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविराट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशालसेनयाwith a vast army
विशालसेनया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविशालसेना
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
घिरकर(Hindi) having surrounded
घिरकर:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootघिरकर
धृष्टद्युम्नके(Hindi) of Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नके:
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
साथ(Hindi) with
साथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाथ
उस(Hindi) that
उस:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउस
व्यूहके(Hindi) of the battle-array
व्यूहके:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
पृष्ठ(Hindi/Skt) back
पृष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठ
भागमें(Hindi) in the part
भागमें:
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
खड़े(Hindi) stood
खड़े:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
हुए(Hindi) having been
हुए:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
केकयाःthe Kekayas
केकयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेकय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भ्रातरःbrothers
भ्रातरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
वामपार्श्वम्the left flank/side
वामपार्श्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवामपार्श्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समाश्रिताःhaving taken refuge/positioned themselves
समाश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-श्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past active/participial usage)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee: nareśvara)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
V
Virāṭa
V
Vyūha (battle formation)
K
Kekaya brothers (five princes of Kekaya)
D
Dhṛṣṭaketu
C
Cekitāna

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣātra-dharma in practice: disciplined organization, clear assignment of responsibility, and mutual protection within an alliance. Ethical force here is expressed as orderly leadership and guarding one’s assigned position rather than impulsive heroics.

Sañjaya describes the Pāṇḍava-aligned deployment within a vyūha: Virāṭa stands at the rear with Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the five Kekaya princes hold the left flank, and Dhṛṣṭaketu with Cekitāna secure the right flank, collectively protecting the formation.