Shloka 10

भीष्मस्य शरवर्षः — Bhīṣma’s Arrow-Storm and Kṛṣṇa’s Impulse to Intervene

Devanagari script

धृष्टय्युम्नो विराटश्न सात्यकिश्व महारथ:

Transliteration

dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaś ca sātyakiś ca mahārathaḥ

Translation

सञ्जय उवाच—धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्च महारथाः (पाण्डवानां व्यूहे समवस्थिताः)।

Word by Word

• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विराटः: Virata
• विराटः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराट
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सात्यकिः: Satyaki
• सात्यकिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महारथाः: great chariot-warriors
• महारथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Virāṭa
• Sātyaki

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even within warfare, the text underscores dharma through responsible leadership: those who possess power (mahārathas) are named to show that strength must be guided by duty, loyalty, and protection of one’s side and cause.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is listing prominent warriors on the battlefield, identifying Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Virāṭa, and Sātyaki as great chariot-fighters, thereby marking their importance in the unfolding combat and the structure of the Pandava forces.